COMSAE Exam 2 Questions and Correct
Verified Answers Latest Update Best
Exam A+
Diuretics; acetazolamide correct answers dec AH synthesis by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase; no
vision/pupil change
Cholinomimetics M3; direct pilocarpine carbachol; indirect physostigmine, echothiophate
correct answers inc outflow of AH via contraction of ciliary muscle/open trabecular mesh;
pilocarpine in ER--very effective open meshwork into Canal schlemm,
lead to miosis--and cyclospasm
Prostaglandin- bimatoprost, iatanoprost PGF2 alpha correct answers inc outflow AH; darken iris
(brown); eyelash growth
alpha agonists should be avoided in correct answers closed angle glaucoma pts
M3 agonist= pilocarpine/carbachol (direct) correct answers contract the sphincter muscles
allowing passage of fluid; pilocarpine emergencies
pervasive development disorder correct answers what you think of when you consider autism
spectrum: can't be touched, comforted, can't understand speech
,Mifepristone/ulipristal (mifetuspleasebegone) correct answers competitive inhibitor progestins at
progesterone receptors;
terminate pregnancy (mifepristone w/ misoprostol); ER contraception (ulipristal)
antiprogestins
AntiHistamines correct answers Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptors
1st generation antihistamines correct answers diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate,
chlorpheniramine "en/ine" or "en/ate"
use: allergy motion sick, sleep aid
AE: sedation, antimuscarinic, anti alpha adrenergic
2nd generation antihistimes correct answers loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetgirizine
"adines"
use: allergy; far less sedation than first gen bc dec entry into CNS
Decompression disease/caisson dz) correct answers Air emboli--nitrogen bubbles precipitate in
ascending divers>
tx hyperbaric O2; can be iatrogenic due to invasive procedures
Bronchiectasis correct answers chronic necrotizing infection bronchi>> perm dilated airways,
purulent sputum, recurrent infecting, hemoptysis, digital clubbing;
assoc: obstruction, poor ciliary motility (Kartagener syndrome, smoking) CF, allergic
bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Kartagener Syndrome -- primary ciliary dyskinesia correct answers immotile cilia b/c dyne arm
defect; male and female infertility, inc risk ectopic pregnancy; causes bronchiectasis, recurrent
sinusitis, and situs inversus
,Myasthenia gravis correct answers Most C NMJ disorder;
autos to postsynaptic ACh receptor;;
clinical-ptosis diplopia weakness, worsen w/ MUSCLE USE==WORSEEE
Assoc: thymoma, thyme hyperplasia
tx: pyridostigmine, edrophonium to diagnose==AChE inhibitor
Lambert Eaton myasthenia syndrome correct answers uncommon;
autoabs to presynaptic Ca+2 channel>> dec ACh release
proximal muscle weakness, autonomic sx, improve WITH MUSCLE USE= BETTER
assoc: small cell lung cancer;
AChE inhibitors don't help
Visual Field defects: Right anopia correct answers Right optic nerve
2 bitemporal hemianopia correct answers optic chiasm, pituitary tumor
Left homonymous hemianopia correct answers right optic tract
Left upper quadratic anopia correct answers right temporal lesion MCA, Meyer loop
Left Lower quadrantic anopia correct answers right parietal lesion MCA--dorsal optic radiation
Left hemianopia w/ macular sparing correct answers PCA infarct
Central scotoma correct answers macular degeneration
, Cranial nerve III damage correct answers >> poss cause DM >> inc sorbitol; due dc O2/nutrients
S/s: ptosis, down and out; diminished/absent pupillary light reflex, blown pupil
CN IV damage correct answers eye moves upward; esp C/l gaze, head tilt toward side lesion;
problems going downstairs; present w/ compensatory head tilt in app direction
CNVI damage correct answers medially direct eye that cannot abduct
eye nerves remember correct answers LR6, So4, R3
Acetaminophen correct answers moa: reversibly inhibit COX, mostly CNS;
AE: OD>> hepatic necrosis; NAPQI depletes glutathione>> toxic byproducts liver; NAC=
antidote>> regenerate glutathione
Vecuronium correct answers neuromuscular blocking drugs>> muscle paralysis in surgery or
mechanical ventilation; NONDEPOLARIZING (CUR'S)
competitive antagonsits> compete ACh for receptors
Reversal= neostigmine *given w/ atropine to avoid muscarinics such as bradycardia,
edrophonium and other cholinesterase inhibitors
Succinylcholine correct answers depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug-- strong ACh
receptor agonist>> produce sustained depot and prevent muscle contraction
reversal blockade
phase I: prolong depot- no antidote; block potentiated by cholinesterase inhibitors
Verified Answers Latest Update Best
Exam A+
Diuretics; acetazolamide correct answers dec AH synthesis by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase; no
vision/pupil change
Cholinomimetics M3; direct pilocarpine carbachol; indirect physostigmine, echothiophate
correct answers inc outflow of AH via contraction of ciliary muscle/open trabecular mesh;
pilocarpine in ER--very effective open meshwork into Canal schlemm,
lead to miosis--and cyclospasm
Prostaglandin- bimatoprost, iatanoprost PGF2 alpha correct answers inc outflow AH; darken iris
(brown); eyelash growth
alpha agonists should be avoided in correct answers closed angle glaucoma pts
M3 agonist= pilocarpine/carbachol (direct) correct answers contract the sphincter muscles
allowing passage of fluid; pilocarpine emergencies
pervasive development disorder correct answers what you think of when you consider autism
spectrum: can't be touched, comforted, can't understand speech
,Mifepristone/ulipristal (mifetuspleasebegone) correct answers competitive inhibitor progestins at
progesterone receptors;
terminate pregnancy (mifepristone w/ misoprostol); ER contraception (ulipristal)
antiprogestins
AntiHistamines correct answers Reversible inhibitor of H1 histamine receptors
1st generation antihistamines correct answers diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate,
chlorpheniramine "en/ine" or "en/ate"
use: allergy motion sick, sleep aid
AE: sedation, antimuscarinic, anti alpha adrenergic
2nd generation antihistimes correct answers loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetgirizine
"adines"
use: allergy; far less sedation than first gen bc dec entry into CNS
Decompression disease/caisson dz) correct answers Air emboli--nitrogen bubbles precipitate in
ascending divers>
tx hyperbaric O2; can be iatrogenic due to invasive procedures
Bronchiectasis correct answers chronic necrotizing infection bronchi>> perm dilated airways,
purulent sputum, recurrent infecting, hemoptysis, digital clubbing;
assoc: obstruction, poor ciliary motility (Kartagener syndrome, smoking) CF, allergic
bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Kartagener Syndrome -- primary ciliary dyskinesia correct answers immotile cilia b/c dyne arm
defect; male and female infertility, inc risk ectopic pregnancy; causes bronchiectasis, recurrent
sinusitis, and situs inversus
,Myasthenia gravis correct answers Most C NMJ disorder;
autos to postsynaptic ACh receptor;;
clinical-ptosis diplopia weakness, worsen w/ MUSCLE USE==WORSEEE
Assoc: thymoma, thyme hyperplasia
tx: pyridostigmine, edrophonium to diagnose==AChE inhibitor
Lambert Eaton myasthenia syndrome correct answers uncommon;
autoabs to presynaptic Ca+2 channel>> dec ACh release
proximal muscle weakness, autonomic sx, improve WITH MUSCLE USE= BETTER
assoc: small cell lung cancer;
AChE inhibitors don't help
Visual Field defects: Right anopia correct answers Right optic nerve
2 bitemporal hemianopia correct answers optic chiasm, pituitary tumor
Left homonymous hemianopia correct answers right optic tract
Left upper quadratic anopia correct answers right temporal lesion MCA, Meyer loop
Left Lower quadrantic anopia correct answers right parietal lesion MCA--dorsal optic radiation
Left hemianopia w/ macular sparing correct answers PCA infarct
Central scotoma correct answers macular degeneration
, Cranial nerve III damage correct answers >> poss cause DM >> inc sorbitol; due dc O2/nutrients
S/s: ptosis, down and out; diminished/absent pupillary light reflex, blown pupil
CN IV damage correct answers eye moves upward; esp C/l gaze, head tilt toward side lesion;
problems going downstairs; present w/ compensatory head tilt in app direction
CNVI damage correct answers medially direct eye that cannot abduct
eye nerves remember correct answers LR6, So4, R3
Acetaminophen correct answers moa: reversibly inhibit COX, mostly CNS;
AE: OD>> hepatic necrosis; NAPQI depletes glutathione>> toxic byproducts liver; NAC=
antidote>> regenerate glutathione
Vecuronium correct answers neuromuscular blocking drugs>> muscle paralysis in surgery or
mechanical ventilation; NONDEPOLARIZING (CUR'S)
competitive antagonsits> compete ACh for receptors
Reversal= neostigmine *given w/ atropine to avoid muscarinics such as bradycardia,
edrophonium and other cholinesterase inhibitors
Succinylcholine correct answers depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug-- strong ACh
receptor agonist>> produce sustained depot and prevent muscle contraction
reversal blockade
phase I: prolong depot- no antidote; block potentiated by cholinesterase inhibitors
