mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/techgrades
NUR 265 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANS >>S GRADED A+
LATEST UPDATE.
What is nephrotic syndrome? - ANS >> A condition of increased glomerular permeability that
allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? - ANS >> -*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? - ANS >>
3.5g in 24 hours
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/techgrades
,mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/techgrades
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? - ANS >> -immunosuppressant agents (if
immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
Describe the "risk" stage for AKI - ANS >> creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by
25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI - ANS >> creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
Describe the "failure" stage for AKI - ANS >> creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75%
(Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. - ANS >> Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/techgrades
,mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/techgrades
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. - ANS >> Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. - ANS >> Obstruction that occurs after the
kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - ANS >> Systolic +
(Diastolic*2) /3
What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? - ANS >> 65 mmHg
What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? - ANS >> -NSAIDS
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/techgrades
, mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/techgrades
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored? - ANS >> Watch for
dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient? - ANS >> -Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
What are the 2 most common causes of CKD? - ANS >> -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/techgrades
NUR 265 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANS >>S GRADED A+
LATEST UPDATE.
What is nephrotic syndrome? - ANS >> A condition of increased glomerular permeability that
allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? - ANS >> -*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? - ANS >>
3.5g in 24 hours
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/techgrades
,mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/techgrades
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? - ANS >> -immunosuppressant agents (if
immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
Describe the "risk" stage for AKI - ANS >> creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by
25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI - ANS >> creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
Describe the "failure" stage for AKI - ANS >> creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75%
(Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. - ANS >> Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/techgrades
,mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/techgrades
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. - ANS >> Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. - ANS >> Obstruction that occurs after the
kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - ANS >> Systolic +
(Diastolic*2) /3
What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? - ANS >> 65 mmHg
What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? - ANS >> -NSAIDS
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/techgrades
, mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/user/techgrades
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored? - ANS >> Watch for
dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient? - ANS >> -Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
What are the 2 most common causes of CKD? - ANS >> -HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
mailto:https://www.stuvia.com/en-us/user/techgrades
