BIOL 1001 LSU Crousillac Final Ch 10-12, 14 || Solved Correctly.
gene correct answers unit of DNA that encodes info needed to produce proteins, cells, & entire
organisms;
can be a few hundred to many thousands of nucleotides in length
locus correct answers location of a gene on a chromosome
autosomes correct answers non-sex chromosomes
homologous chromosomes correct answers carry the same kinds of genes for the same
characteristics
alleles correct answers alternative versions of genes found at the same gene locus; formed by
mutations
homozygous correct answers homologous chromosomes carry same allele at gene locus
heterozygous correct answers two homologous chromosomes carry different alleles at given
locus; also called hybrid
Punnett Square Method correct answers predicts offspring genotypes and phenotypes from
combinations of parental gametes
1. Assign letters to the different alleles of the characteristic under consideration
(dominant=uppercase, recessive=lowercase)
2. determine the possible gametes from both parents
3. write gametes from each parent along each side of 2x2 grid
4. fill in genotypes of each pair of combined gametes in the grid
5. determine genotypic ration based on outcome
,6. based on dominant and recessive traits, calculate predicted phenotype
.Gregor Mendel correct answers discovered patterns of inheritance and many essential facts
about genes, alleles, and distribution of alleles during reproduction; used pea plants to see
patterns in way plant characteristics were inherited
why did Mendel use pea plants? correct answers has both carpel (female) and stamen (male)
reproductive structures and naturally self-fertilize; was able to cross-fertilize
pollen from stamen transfers to carpel
key to Mendel's success correct answers chose a simple design, studies one trait at a time and
followed several generations
ex. white vs purple flowers
true breeding correct answers homozygous for a characteristic
genotype correct answers particular combination of the 2 alleles carried by an individual
phenotype correct answers physical expression of the genotype (purple or while flowers)
test cross correct answers used to deduce whether an organism w/ a dominant phenotype is
homozygous or heterozygous
female sex chromosomes correct answers two X chromosomes
male sex chromosomes correct answers X chromosome and Y chromosome
incomplete dominance correct answers when the heterzygous phenotype is intermediate btw the
two homozygous phenotypes,
, some alleles are incompletely dominant over others
blood type correct answers single gene may have multiple alleles, produce types A,B,AB,O from
3 alleles, A,B,o
alleles A and B correct answers code for enzymes that add different sugar molecules to the ends
of glycoproteins that protrude from red blood cells
allele o correct answers codes for nonfunctional enzymes that do not add any sugar molecules
codominance correct answers when heterozygotes express the phenotypes of both the
homozygotes (both A and B glycoproteins in AB blood type)
universal donor (type O) correct answers lacks sugars and not attacked by antibodies, makes A &
B antibodies
nondisjunction correct answers incorrect separation of chromosomes in meiosis; causes gametes
to have too many & too few chromosomes
nucleic acids correct answers polymers of nucleotides linked together by dehydration synthesis
reactions;
information storage and transmission
genes correct answers units of heredity made of nucleic acid(DNA)
nucleotides correct answers building block molecules of nucleic acid; composed of a sugar,
phosphate group and nitrogenous base
nucleic acid backbone correct answers sugar and phosphate groups structure
gene correct answers unit of DNA that encodes info needed to produce proteins, cells, & entire
organisms;
can be a few hundred to many thousands of nucleotides in length
locus correct answers location of a gene on a chromosome
autosomes correct answers non-sex chromosomes
homologous chromosomes correct answers carry the same kinds of genes for the same
characteristics
alleles correct answers alternative versions of genes found at the same gene locus; formed by
mutations
homozygous correct answers homologous chromosomes carry same allele at gene locus
heterozygous correct answers two homologous chromosomes carry different alleles at given
locus; also called hybrid
Punnett Square Method correct answers predicts offspring genotypes and phenotypes from
combinations of parental gametes
1. Assign letters to the different alleles of the characteristic under consideration
(dominant=uppercase, recessive=lowercase)
2. determine the possible gametes from both parents
3. write gametes from each parent along each side of 2x2 grid
4. fill in genotypes of each pair of combined gametes in the grid
5. determine genotypic ration based on outcome
,6. based on dominant and recessive traits, calculate predicted phenotype
.Gregor Mendel correct answers discovered patterns of inheritance and many essential facts
about genes, alleles, and distribution of alleles during reproduction; used pea plants to see
patterns in way plant characteristics were inherited
why did Mendel use pea plants? correct answers has both carpel (female) and stamen (male)
reproductive structures and naturally self-fertilize; was able to cross-fertilize
pollen from stamen transfers to carpel
key to Mendel's success correct answers chose a simple design, studies one trait at a time and
followed several generations
ex. white vs purple flowers
true breeding correct answers homozygous for a characteristic
genotype correct answers particular combination of the 2 alleles carried by an individual
phenotype correct answers physical expression of the genotype (purple or while flowers)
test cross correct answers used to deduce whether an organism w/ a dominant phenotype is
homozygous or heterozygous
female sex chromosomes correct answers two X chromosomes
male sex chromosomes correct answers X chromosome and Y chromosome
incomplete dominance correct answers when the heterzygous phenotype is intermediate btw the
two homozygous phenotypes,
, some alleles are incompletely dominant over others
blood type correct answers single gene may have multiple alleles, produce types A,B,AB,O from
3 alleles, A,B,o
alleles A and B correct answers code for enzymes that add different sugar molecules to the ends
of glycoproteins that protrude from red blood cells
allele o correct answers codes for nonfunctional enzymes that do not add any sugar molecules
codominance correct answers when heterozygotes express the phenotypes of both the
homozygotes (both A and B glycoproteins in AB blood type)
universal donor (type O) correct answers lacks sugars and not attacked by antibodies, makes A &
B antibodies
nondisjunction correct answers incorrect separation of chromosomes in meiosis; causes gametes
to have too many & too few chromosomes
nucleic acids correct answers polymers of nucleotides linked together by dehydration synthesis
reactions;
information storage and transmission
genes correct answers units of heredity made of nucleic acid(DNA)
nucleotides correct answers building block molecules of nucleic acid; composed of a sugar,
phosphate group and nitrogenous base
nucleic acid backbone correct answers sugar and phosphate groups structure
