PRE CLINIC THEORY FINAL EXAM question with answers
upper arch - -maxillary arch
-lower arch - -mandibular arch
-quadrants in the mouth - -4
-sextants in the mouth - -6
-FDI/International Tooth Numbering System - -- teeth numbered 1-8 in each quadrant
- pronounce digits separately
- with primary teeth use quadrant numbers 5-8 and teeth 1-5
-Universal (ADA) Tooth Numbering System - -- continuous numbers from 1-32 for adult teeth
- letters A-T in primary teeth
-Palmer (Set Square) Tooth Numbering Systems - -- use box notation
- teeth numbers 1-8 in each quadrant
- with primary teeth use letters a-e in each quadrant with same box notation
-mesial surface - -surfaces towards the midline
-distal surfaces - -surfaces away from the midline
-neutral position - -everything at 90 degrees
-client position-supine - -lying in his/her back in a horizontal position with the back of the chair nearly
paralleled to the floor
- heels slightly higher than tip of nose
-mandibular areas - -open mouth, told head down = chin down
-maxillary areas - -open mouth, head in neutral position = chin up position
-dental light mandibular treatment areas - -directly above clients head beam into mouth
-dental light maxillary treatment areas - -above clients chest, tilt light so it shines into the clients mouth
-anterior surfaces toward the clinician - -the surfaces of the anterior teeth that are closest to the
clinician
-anterior surfaces away from the clinician - -the surfaces of the anterior teeth that are farthest from the
clinician
-posterior surfaces toward - -the surfaces of the posterior teeth that are closest to the clinician
, -posterior surfaces away - -the surfaces of the posterior teeth that are farthest from the clinician
-modified pen grasp - -the recommended grasp for holding a periodontal instrument
-thumb and index finger - -hold the handle in a relaxed manner
- grasp the handle lightly
- thumb and index finger are opposite each other at or near the junction of the handle and shank
-middle finger - -rests lightly on the shank
- feel vibrations transmitted from the working-end
-ring finger - -the pad of the ring finger balances firmly on the incisor or occlusal surface of a tooth
- support beam
-little finger - -has no function in the grasp
-frontal surface dental mirror - -produces a clean mirror image with no distortion - most common
-concave dental mirror - -produces a magnified image
-plane (flat) surface mirror - -produces a double image (ghost image)
-indirect vision - -the use of a mirror to view a tooth surface or intramural structure that cannot be seen
directly
-retraction - -use of the mirror to hold the patients cheek, lip, or tongue so that the clinician can view
tooth surfaces that are otherwise hidden from view by these soft tissue structures
-retraction of lip - -index finger is used to retract the lip away from the teeth
-indirect illumination - -use of the mirror to reflect light onto a tooth or soft tissue structure in a dark
area of the mouth
-transillumination - -the technique of directing light off of the mirror surface and through the anterior
teeth
-unpaired working-ends - -instrument with two dissimilar working-ends
-paired working-ends - -instrument with working-ends that are mirror images of each other
-balanced instrument - -working-ends are aligned with the long axis of the handle
-simple shank - -shank will appear to be straight
- use on anterior teeth
-complex shank - -shanks has side-to-side bends
- use on posterior teeth
upper arch - -maxillary arch
-lower arch - -mandibular arch
-quadrants in the mouth - -4
-sextants in the mouth - -6
-FDI/International Tooth Numbering System - -- teeth numbered 1-8 in each quadrant
- pronounce digits separately
- with primary teeth use quadrant numbers 5-8 and teeth 1-5
-Universal (ADA) Tooth Numbering System - -- continuous numbers from 1-32 for adult teeth
- letters A-T in primary teeth
-Palmer (Set Square) Tooth Numbering Systems - -- use box notation
- teeth numbers 1-8 in each quadrant
- with primary teeth use letters a-e in each quadrant with same box notation
-mesial surface - -surfaces towards the midline
-distal surfaces - -surfaces away from the midline
-neutral position - -everything at 90 degrees
-client position-supine - -lying in his/her back in a horizontal position with the back of the chair nearly
paralleled to the floor
- heels slightly higher than tip of nose
-mandibular areas - -open mouth, told head down = chin down
-maxillary areas - -open mouth, head in neutral position = chin up position
-dental light mandibular treatment areas - -directly above clients head beam into mouth
-dental light maxillary treatment areas - -above clients chest, tilt light so it shines into the clients mouth
-anterior surfaces toward the clinician - -the surfaces of the anterior teeth that are closest to the
clinician
-anterior surfaces away from the clinician - -the surfaces of the anterior teeth that are farthest from the
clinician
-posterior surfaces toward - -the surfaces of the posterior teeth that are closest to the clinician
, -posterior surfaces away - -the surfaces of the posterior teeth that are farthest from the clinician
-modified pen grasp - -the recommended grasp for holding a periodontal instrument
-thumb and index finger - -hold the handle in a relaxed manner
- grasp the handle lightly
- thumb and index finger are opposite each other at or near the junction of the handle and shank
-middle finger - -rests lightly on the shank
- feel vibrations transmitted from the working-end
-ring finger - -the pad of the ring finger balances firmly on the incisor or occlusal surface of a tooth
- support beam
-little finger - -has no function in the grasp
-frontal surface dental mirror - -produces a clean mirror image with no distortion - most common
-concave dental mirror - -produces a magnified image
-plane (flat) surface mirror - -produces a double image (ghost image)
-indirect vision - -the use of a mirror to view a tooth surface or intramural structure that cannot be seen
directly
-retraction - -use of the mirror to hold the patients cheek, lip, or tongue so that the clinician can view
tooth surfaces that are otherwise hidden from view by these soft tissue structures
-retraction of lip - -index finger is used to retract the lip away from the teeth
-indirect illumination - -use of the mirror to reflect light onto a tooth or soft tissue structure in a dark
area of the mouth
-transillumination - -the technique of directing light off of the mirror surface and through the anterior
teeth
-unpaired working-ends - -instrument with two dissimilar working-ends
-paired working-ends - -instrument with working-ends that are mirror images of each other
-balanced instrument - -working-ends are aligned with the long axis of the handle
-simple shank - -shank will appear to be straight
- use on anterior teeth
-complex shank - -shanks has side-to-side bends
- use on posterior teeth
