Exam (elaborations) Public Health and Nursing

Public Health and Nursing Competency Pre-exam 100% verified Questions & answers Q: What is tertiary prevention? A: Reducing impact of an ongoing illness or injury with rehabilitation and treatment Q: What is epidemiology? A: The study of distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations prospective and retrospective studies are types of - ANSWER cohort / analytical studies random error - ANSWER error that is random and uncontrollable systematic error - ANSWER error that is bias - either selection bias or information bias selection bias - ANSWER when the group selected doesnt represent the sample information bias - ANSWER when the information is incomplete, poorly selected, etc. Do descriptive studies determine causation - ANSWER no intervention group - ANSWER receives the treatment of interest to the scientific research question retrospective study - ANSWER an observational study in which subjects are selected and then their previous conditions or behaviors are determined (in the past) prospective study - ANSWER an observational study in which subjects are followed to observe future outcomes confounding error - ANSWER when causality is apparent, but it actually isnt, it is related to a separate factor other than the one being studied scientific misconduct - ANSWER violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in publication of professional scientific research what factors determine quality of care - ANSWER Effectiveness, patient safety, timeliness, and patient centeredness. Q: What are the 4 organizations that help guide collaboration and improving health inequalities? A: AACA (American Association of Colleges of Nursing), ACA (Affordable Care Act), APRN Competencies, Quad Council Coalition Community/Public Health Q: What is the acronym for public health intervention planning? A: MAPIT - Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, Track Q: What are the three parts of the Triple Aim initiative? A: Improve patient experience, improve health, reduce costs Q: What is the Triple Aim initiative? A: Developed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement to improve public health Q: What is the research pyramid? A: A model that rates studies and the evidence they provide Q: What are the parts of the research pyramid? A: Case reports, case series, case-controlled studies, cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, critical appraisals, systematic reviews Q: What are descriptive studies? A: Case report, case series, and cross-sectional studies Q: What are analytic studies? A: Cohort, case-control, and randomized controlled studies Q: What is a systematic review? A: A structured, comprehensive synthesis of research literature to determine the best evidence for a healthcare question Q: What is the best way to scrutinize evidence? A: Systematic review Q: What U.S. organization publishes systematically reviewed literature? A: The Cochrane Collaboration Q: How is evidence graded? A: Levels A through M - A is best, M is worst Q: What are the benefits of case control studies? A: Inexpensive and easy to conduct Q: What are the drawbacks of case control studies? A: Non-random, less valid/quality Q: What is Healthy People 2030? A: A national initiative to improve health and well-being over the next decade Q: What are social determinants of health? A: Conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age Q: What is cultural competence? A: The ability to understand, communicate with, and effectively interact with people across cultures Q: What are examples of primary prevention? A: Vaccinations, health education, lifestyle changes Q: What is secondary prevention? A: Early detection and treatment of disease Q: What is prevalence? A: The total number of cases of a disease in a population at a given time what are the 4 organizations that help guide collaboration and improving health inequalities - ANSWER am association of colleges of nursing (AACA) affordable care act (ACA) competencies from APRN competencies Quad council coalition community / public health what is the acronym for public health intervention planning - ANSWER MAPIT - mobilize, assess, plan, implement , track what are the triple aim initiative's 3 parts - ANSWER improve patient experience improve health reduce costs what is the triple aim initiative - ANSWER developed by the institute for healthcare improvement to improve public health what is the research pyramid - ANSWER rates studies and the evidence they provide what are the parts of the research pyramid - ANSWER bottom (biggest part) is case reports (has the most quantity of evidence with the lowest quality of evidence) case series, case controlled cohort studies randomized controlled studies critical appraisals systematic reviews what are the descriptive studies - ANSWER case report, case series and cross sectional what are the analytic studies - ANSWER cohort, case control,randomized controlled what is a systematic review - ANSWER a structured, comprehensive synthesis of the research literature to determine the best research evidence available to address a healthcare question. what is the best way to scrutinize evidence - ANSWER systematic review what is the US organization that publishes systematically reviewed literature - ANSWER the Cochrane collaboration evidence is graded on the levels of ..... - ANSWER A through M - A is best, M is worst benefits and drawbacks of case control studies - ANSWER inexpensive and easy to conduct non random , less valid / quality A provider is working on collecting outcome data for an intervention to increase the quality of life for spouses providing care to their spouses with dementia. What would the family members who received the intervention (those spouses receiving the intervention) be referred to? - ANSWER aggregate Collection, analysis, dissemination of data in healthcare . - ANSWER surveillance leading preventable mortality in the US - ANSWER smoking cancers associated with obesity (8) - ANSWER breast colon esophageal gallbladder pancreatic thyroid endometrial kidney Health Disparities - ANSWER differences in incidence or prevalence of illness or difference in opportunity to reach health equity Health Equity - ANSWER reducing/eliminating disparities in health and the determinants that adversely affect marginalized groups Is health equity a process, outcome, or both? - ANSWER Both In perspective of population, how can a health outcome be measured - ANSWER mortality rates and life expectancies How can APRNs best determine the effectiveness of an intervention and long-term impact of an intervention - ANSWER accurate assessment and interpretation of data How can outcomes be classified - ANSWER By categories of who, what, and when Examples of classifying outcomes by "who" - ANSWER individual aggregate communities populations organizations Examples of classifying outcomes by "what" - ANSWER type of care type of patient type performance relates outcomes Examples of classifying outcomes by "When" - ANSWER short-term intermediate long-term What is the Donabedian Framework used for - ANSWER evaluate quality of care in nursing and healthcare