, TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter 1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
Chapter 2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
Chapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Units
Chapter 5. Radiation Monitoring
Chapter 6. Overview of Cell Biology
Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
Chapter 9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ
Systems
Chapter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
Chapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray
Procedures
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography
Chapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During
Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include
1. creation of unstable atoms.
2. production of free electrons.
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable of producing
substances poisonous to the cell.
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
6. production of low-energy x-ray photons.
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
d. All the options
ANS: D
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged
particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it
passes?
a. Ionizing radiation
b. Nonionizing radiation
c. Subatomic radiation
d. Ultrasonic radiation
ANS: A
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medical
benefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobia
they may have.
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a small
chance of biologic damage.
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biologic
damage.
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possible
biologic damage.
ANS: D
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
a. 1/10 of a sievert.
b. 1/100 of a sievert.
c. 1/1000 of a sievert.
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert.
ANS: C
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. All the options
ANS: D
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receive
from a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from
the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with the
referring physician.
ANS: A
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures
always follow ALARA?
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accept
responsibility for patient radiation safety.
b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
, patient radiation safety.
c. Because radiation- induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,
a dose level below which a person would have no chance of developing this
disease.
d. Because radiation- induced cancer does have a dose level at which individuals
would have a chance of developing this disease.
ANS: C
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options
ANS: D
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospital
administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and
maintenance of the ALARA program?
a. Assistant administrator of the facility
b. Chief of staff
c. Radiation Safety Officer
d. Student radiologic technologist
ANS: C
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specific
x-ray procedure difficult to answer?
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patient.
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. All the options
ANS: A
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
a. Coulomb per kilogram
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the
need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols to be used
for both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
a. U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Chapter 1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
Chapter 2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Received
Chapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Units
Chapter 5. Radiation Monitoring
Chapter 6. Overview of Cell Biology
Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems
Chapter 9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in Organ
Systems
Chapter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
Chapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-Ray
Procedures
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammography
Chapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During
Diagnostic X-Ray Procedures
Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include
1. creation of unstable atoms.
2. production of free electrons.
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable of producing
substances poisonous to the cell.
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
6. production of low-energy x-ray photons.
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
d. All the options
ANS: D
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged
particles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it
passes?
a. Ionizing radiation
b. Nonionizing radiation
c. Subatomic radiation
d. Ultrasonic radiation
ANS: A
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medical
benefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobia
they may have.
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a small
chance of biologic damage.
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biologic
damage.
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possible
biologic damage.
ANS: D
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
a. 1/10 of a sievert.
b. 1/100 of a sievert.
c. 1/1000 of a sievert.
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert.
ANS: C
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. All the options
ANS: D
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receive
from a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received from
the x-ray to natural background radiation received.
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with the
referring physician.
ANS: A
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures
always follow ALARA?
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accept
responsibility for patient radiation safety.
b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
, patient radiation safety.
c. Because radiation- induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,
a dose level below which a person would have no chance of developing this
disease.
d. Because radiation- induced cancer does have a dose level at which individuals
would have a chance of developing this disease.
ANS: C
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options
ANS: D
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospital
administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and
maintenance of the ALARA program?
a. Assistant administrator of the facility
b. Chief of staff
c. Radiation Safety Officer
d. Student radiologic technologist
ANS: C
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specific
x-ray procedure difficult to answer?
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patient.
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. All the options
ANS: A
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units?
a. Coulomb per kilogram
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of the
need for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-specified scan protocols to be used
for both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
a. U.S. Food and Drug Administration
