Chapter 5- EBP Final Review Exam
Questions and Actual Answers.
A nurse is preparing a research proposal in an effort to answer a clinical question. Which of the
following measures is most likely to reduce the potential for bias in the study?
A) Replicating the research methodology of an existing study that addresses the clinical
question
B) Ensuring the number of participants is sufficiently high
C) Randomly assigning the participants to groups
D) Ensuring the clinical question reflects phenomena identified in relevant qualitative research -
Answer C) Randomly assigning the participants to group
A nurse researcher is investigating the effectiveness of a new, school-based smoking prevention
program. Which of the following should the nurse consider as a potential confounding historical
factor?
A) Students' existing attitudes toward tobacco use
B) The relationship between tobacco use and alcohol use
C) Students' respiratory health status at the commencement of the program
D) Antismoking messages already present in the media - Answer D) Antismoking messages
already present in the media
While reviewing a study that appears to favorably recommend the use of an innovative mattress
for the prevention of pressure ulcers, the nurse notes that the sum of the experimental group
and the control group is significantly less than the total sample.
How should the nurse best interpret this fact?
A) This represents a potential threat to the reliability of the study.
B) A significant number of participants did not develop pressure ulcers.
C) The results of the study have most likely been manipulated.
D) A confounding variable was present that the authors did not account for. - Answer A) This
represents a potential threat to the reliability of the study.
, A) The relative risk of DVT among medical patients is 2/100.
B) The regimen results in a 20% relative risk reduction.
C) The absolute risk of DVT among the control group is 2.5%.
D) The results of the intervention are valid and reliable. - Answer B) The regimen results in a
20% relative risk reduction
The number needed to treat (NNT) for an experimental vaccine is 775. This means
A) 775 individuals will be prevented from developing the disease in question.
B) the relative risk reduction of the disease is -775 among those who were vaccinated.
C) 775 individuals must be vaccinated to prevent one case of the disease.
D) vaccinated individuals have a 1-in-775 chance of developing the disease. - Answer C) 775
individuals must be vaccinated to prevent one case of the disease.
The findings of a study indicate that the chance of the effect being attributable to chance is 1 in
25. How would this fact be expressed in the study?
A) RR = 4%
B) AR = 24
C) p = 0.04
D) NNT = 25 - Answer C) p = 0.04
While reviewing the findings of a study addressing the nursing management of gestational
diabetes, the nurse notes that the study fails to address the findings of the existing literature on
the subject in a detailed or specific manner. How should this influence the nurse's view of the
study?
A) The findings of the study likely represent a notable advance in gestational diabetes
management.
B) This omission should be addressed in the statistical analysis of the study.
C) This is acceptable in a qualitative, but not quantitative, study.
D) The authors should have addressed the existing body of knowledge around the subject -
Answer D) The authors should have addressed the existing body of knowledge around the
subject
Questions and Actual Answers.
A nurse is preparing a research proposal in an effort to answer a clinical question. Which of the
following measures is most likely to reduce the potential for bias in the study?
A) Replicating the research methodology of an existing study that addresses the clinical
question
B) Ensuring the number of participants is sufficiently high
C) Randomly assigning the participants to groups
D) Ensuring the clinical question reflects phenomena identified in relevant qualitative research -
Answer C) Randomly assigning the participants to group
A nurse researcher is investigating the effectiveness of a new, school-based smoking prevention
program. Which of the following should the nurse consider as a potential confounding historical
factor?
A) Students' existing attitudes toward tobacco use
B) The relationship between tobacco use and alcohol use
C) Students' respiratory health status at the commencement of the program
D) Antismoking messages already present in the media - Answer D) Antismoking messages
already present in the media
While reviewing a study that appears to favorably recommend the use of an innovative mattress
for the prevention of pressure ulcers, the nurse notes that the sum of the experimental group
and the control group is significantly less than the total sample.
How should the nurse best interpret this fact?
A) This represents a potential threat to the reliability of the study.
B) A significant number of participants did not develop pressure ulcers.
C) The results of the study have most likely been manipulated.
D) A confounding variable was present that the authors did not account for. - Answer A) This
represents a potential threat to the reliability of the study.
, A) The relative risk of DVT among medical patients is 2/100.
B) The regimen results in a 20% relative risk reduction.
C) The absolute risk of DVT among the control group is 2.5%.
D) The results of the intervention are valid and reliable. - Answer B) The regimen results in a
20% relative risk reduction
The number needed to treat (NNT) for an experimental vaccine is 775. This means
A) 775 individuals will be prevented from developing the disease in question.
B) the relative risk reduction of the disease is -775 among those who were vaccinated.
C) 775 individuals must be vaccinated to prevent one case of the disease.
D) vaccinated individuals have a 1-in-775 chance of developing the disease. - Answer C) 775
individuals must be vaccinated to prevent one case of the disease.
The findings of a study indicate that the chance of the effect being attributable to chance is 1 in
25. How would this fact be expressed in the study?
A) RR = 4%
B) AR = 24
C) p = 0.04
D) NNT = 25 - Answer C) p = 0.04
While reviewing the findings of a study addressing the nursing management of gestational
diabetes, the nurse notes that the study fails to address the findings of the existing literature on
the subject in a detailed or specific manner. How should this influence the nurse's view of the
study?
A) The findings of the study likely represent a notable advance in gestational diabetes
management.
B) This omission should be addressed in the statistical analysis of the study.
C) This is acceptable in a qualitative, but not quantitative, study.
D) The authors should have addressed the existing body of knowledge around the subject -
Answer D) The authors should have addressed the existing body of knowledge around the
subject
