RUSVM (Semester 1) - Microanatomy Test #1 Questions and Answers Solved Correctly
Define Anatomy - Answers the science which deals with structures of healthy body of animals and
humans. Revealed by naked eye observation and it is based on dissection.
Define Gross Anatomy - Answers encompasses all those structures accessible by dissection and direct
inspection
Define Microanatomy - Answers the study of the tissues of the body and how cells and tissue integrate
to form organs
Define Embryology - Answers the independent science which deals with ontogenetic development of a
new individual (development of embryo and fetus)
Another name for Histology? - Answers microanatomy (synonymous terms)
Define Histology - Answers involves all aspects of tissue biology with emphasis on cell structure and
function, including functions specific to each organ.
What are the 3 branches of Histology? - Answers 1. Cytology
2. General Histology
3. Special Histology
Define Cytology: - Answers is the science which deals with structure and function of the cell
Define Special Histology: - Answers deals with microscopic structure of organs
Another name for special histology? - Answers Organology
Microanatomy snapshot of liver - Answers
Normal liver cells in cytology - Answers
Histological tissue sample of LUNG - Answers
What 2 interacting components are tissues made up of? - Answers 1. Cells
2. Extracellular matrix (ECM)
The use of __________ is essential to study cells and matrix? - Answers microscopes
What type of microscopy uses this microscope?
(FOR EXAM: label the parts) - Answers Light Microscopy
Describe the general process of what takes place in light microscopy? - Answers Light beam is
transmitted through a tissue
,6 different types of light microscopy? - Answers 1. Conventional bright microscopy
2. Fluorescence
3. Phase-contrast
4. Differential interference
5. Confocal
6. Polarizing
Bright field microscopy requires? - Answers Staining
Phase contrast microscopy - Answers What type of microscopy is this an example of?
FYI: spermatozoa
Allows observation of LIVING non-stained structures like cell and tissue culture, spermatozoa, and
leukocytes? - Answers Phase contrast microscopy
What is the principle of phase contrast microscopy based on? - Answers the principle that light changes
its speed when passing through structures with different refractive indices.
Fluorescence microscopy - Answers What type of microscopy is this picture an example of?
What is the principle of fluorescence microscopy based on? - Answers based on affinity of fluorescent
compounds for specific cell components
Rat spermatozoa: Acrosome is red, & DNA in the nucleus is yellow - Answers What is this a picture of?
Each color depicts what?
4 Advantages of light microscopy? - Answers 1. Relatively inexpensive
2. Provides rapid diagnosis
3. Allows observation of living specimens
4. Resolving power of LM is 0.2 um
4 disadvantages for light microscopy? - Answers 1. Image is 2-dimensional
2. Resolving power is limited by the wavelength of light
3. Requires maintenance
4. Requires expertise for proper diagnosis (quality analysis and quality control)
,Stereomicroscope (also known as dissecting microscope) - Answers What type of microscopy is
demonstrated in this picture?
This type of microscopy is only used in gross dissection? - Answers Stereomicroscope/dissecting
microscope
Pig Embryo (10 mm) 19 days old - Answers What is this a picture of and how old is it?
4 advantages of dissecting microscopes? - Answers 1. Relatively inexpensive
2. Practical/Versatile
3. Can provide a 3 dimensional image
4. Can be used in microsurgery
2 disadvantages of dissecting scopes? - Answers 1. Low resolving power
2. Needs to be maintained
Hepatocyte: Transmission electron microscopy - Answers What is this a picture of and what type of
microscope was used?
Hepatocytes around a central vein: Scanning Electron Microscopy - Answers What is this a picture of and
what type of microscope was used?
What is the most intense form of microscopy? - Answers Electron microscopy: sends electrons through
an object
T/F Staining is never used with electron microscopy? - Answers True
Sperm tail cross section: TEM 50,000X - Answers What is this a picture of and what type of microscope
was used?
Based on the interaction of electrons and tissue components? - Answers Transmission Electron
Microscopy
The wavelength in the electron beam is _____A________ than the light beam; resulting in 1,000 fold
____B______ in resolution - Answers A. shorter
B. increase
2 advantages of TEM? - Answers 1. Great resolving power 0.16-0.18 nm
2. Very useful for rapid diagnosis of viruses and other microscopic organisms
4 disadvantages of TEM? - Answers 1. Image is 2-dimensional
2. Image is black and white
, 3. Cannot be used in living object
4. Very expensive
Scanning electron microscope (external structures)
FYI: Rabbit spermatozoa in uterus-3d structure of sperm cells and surface of uterine epithelial ciliated
and secretory cells - Answers What type of microscope was used?
What 3 specific conditions must specimens be order to be viewable by light microscopy (LM) or in
transmission microscopy (TEM)? - Answers 1. Be well preserved- retain the structure and molecular
composition
2. be sufficiently thin to allow light transmission
3. have enough contrast to observe details and differentiate among different parts of the sample
List the 6 steps for tissue processing for observation in a light microscope? - Answers The-Front-Door-
Closes-In-Egypt
1. Obtain the tissue sample (with scalpel, cut section very thin: 1-7 micrometers thick)
2. Fixation (10% buffered formalin)- without this step the sample will decay
3. Dehydration (alcohol takes away the fat)
4. Clearing (xylene washes away the alcohol)
5. Infiltration- 58-60 degrees celsius, tissue is infiltrated with paraffin wax
6. Embedding
Define Anatomy - Answers the science which deals with structures of healthy body of animals and
humans. Revealed by naked eye observation and it is based on dissection.
Define Gross Anatomy - Answers encompasses all those structures accessible by dissection and direct
inspection
Define Microanatomy - Answers the study of the tissues of the body and how cells and tissue integrate
to form organs
Define Embryology - Answers the independent science which deals with ontogenetic development of a
new individual (development of embryo and fetus)
Another name for Histology? - Answers microanatomy (synonymous terms)
Define Histology - Answers involves all aspects of tissue biology with emphasis on cell structure and
function, including functions specific to each organ.
What are the 3 branches of Histology? - Answers 1. Cytology
2. General Histology
3. Special Histology
Define Cytology: - Answers is the science which deals with structure and function of the cell
Define Special Histology: - Answers deals with microscopic structure of organs
Another name for special histology? - Answers Organology
Microanatomy snapshot of liver - Answers
Normal liver cells in cytology - Answers
Histological tissue sample of LUNG - Answers
What 2 interacting components are tissues made up of? - Answers 1. Cells
2. Extracellular matrix (ECM)
The use of __________ is essential to study cells and matrix? - Answers microscopes
What type of microscopy uses this microscope?
(FOR EXAM: label the parts) - Answers Light Microscopy
Describe the general process of what takes place in light microscopy? - Answers Light beam is
transmitted through a tissue
,6 different types of light microscopy? - Answers 1. Conventional bright microscopy
2. Fluorescence
3. Phase-contrast
4. Differential interference
5. Confocal
6. Polarizing
Bright field microscopy requires? - Answers Staining
Phase contrast microscopy - Answers What type of microscopy is this an example of?
FYI: spermatozoa
Allows observation of LIVING non-stained structures like cell and tissue culture, spermatozoa, and
leukocytes? - Answers Phase contrast microscopy
What is the principle of phase contrast microscopy based on? - Answers the principle that light changes
its speed when passing through structures with different refractive indices.
Fluorescence microscopy - Answers What type of microscopy is this picture an example of?
What is the principle of fluorescence microscopy based on? - Answers based on affinity of fluorescent
compounds for specific cell components
Rat spermatozoa: Acrosome is red, & DNA in the nucleus is yellow - Answers What is this a picture of?
Each color depicts what?
4 Advantages of light microscopy? - Answers 1. Relatively inexpensive
2. Provides rapid diagnosis
3. Allows observation of living specimens
4. Resolving power of LM is 0.2 um
4 disadvantages for light microscopy? - Answers 1. Image is 2-dimensional
2. Resolving power is limited by the wavelength of light
3. Requires maintenance
4. Requires expertise for proper diagnosis (quality analysis and quality control)
,Stereomicroscope (also known as dissecting microscope) - Answers What type of microscopy is
demonstrated in this picture?
This type of microscopy is only used in gross dissection? - Answers Stereomicroscope/dissecting
microscope
Pig Embryo (10 mm) 19 days old - Answers What is this a picture of and how old is it?
4 advantages of dissecting microscopes? - Answers 1. Relatively inexpensive
2. Practical/Versatile
3. Can provide a 3 dimensional image
4. Can be used in microsurgery
2 disadvantages of dissecting scopes? - Answers 1. Low resolving power
2. Needs to be maintained
Hepatocyte: Transmission electron microscopy - Answers What is this a picture of and what type of
microscope was used?
Hepatocytes around a central vein: Scanning Electron Microscopy - Answers What is this a picture of and
what type of microscope was used?
What is the most intense form of microscopy? - Answers Electron microscopy: sends electrons through
an object
T/F Staining is never used with electron microscopy? - Answers True
Sperm tail cross section: TEM 50,000X - Answers What is this a picture of and what type of microscope
was used?
Based on the interaction of electrons and tissue components? - Answers Transmission Electron
Microscopy
The wavelength in the electron beam is _____A________ than the light beam; resulting in 1,000 fold
____B______ in resolution - Answers A. shorter
B. increase
2 advantages of TEM? - Answers 1. Great resolving power 0.16-0.18 nm
2. Very useful for rapid diagnosis of viruses and other microscopic organisms
4 disadvantages of TEM? - Answers 1. Image is 2-dimensional
2. Image is black and white
, 3. Cannot be used in living object
4. Very expensive
Scanning electron microscope (external structures)
FYI: Rabbit spermatozoa in uterus-3d structure of sperm cells and surface of uterine epithelial ciliated
and secretory cells - Answers What type of microscope was used?
What 3 specific conditions must specimens be order to be viewable by light microscopy (LM) or in
transmission microscopy (TEM)? - Answers 1. Be well preserved- retain the structure and molecular
composition
2. be sufficiently thin to allow light transmission
3. have enough contrast to observe details and differentiate among different parts of the sample
List the 6 steps for tissue processing for observation in a light microscope? - Answers The-Front-Door-
Closes-In-Egypt
1. Obtain the tissue sample (with scalpel, cut section very thin: 1-7 micrometers thick)
2. Fixation (10% buffered formalin)- without this step the sample will decay
3. Dehydration (alcohol takes away the fat)
4. Clearing (xylene washes away the alcohol)
5. Infiltration- 58-60 degrees celsius, tissue is infiltrated with paraffin wax
6. Embedding
