BS22002 IMMUNOLOGY QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS PASS GUARANTEED
100% ✅
What are the vascular events of the innate immune response? - Answer ✅- Immunogenic
antigens trigger mast cells
- mast cells produce granules or signals like histamines or prostaglandins
- granules are pushed into capillaries to active selectins
- capillaries contract
- plasma leak and vasodilation - pain, heat, swelling, redness, joint immobility.
- neutrophils and monocytes interact with selectins and are hooked at local region of infection
resulting in margination and transendothelial movement/
- Leukocytes undergo chemotaxis towards antigenic pathogen - phagocytosis.
what factors do monocytes secrete in response to an antigenic pathogen? - Answer
✅interleukin-1
TNF-alpha
interleukin-8
what immune responses does IL-1 and TNF-a facilitate? - Answer ✅- production of more
selectins to trap monocytes and neutrophils.
- fever to increase temperature and metabolism. Creates a harsher environment for pathogen.
- production of more leukocytes from bone marrow
@2025 Exam Material 1
, what immune responses do IL-8 facilitate? - Answer ✅- activates neutrophils and its integrins.
- cells pass through capillaries by margination
- cells cause positive chemotaxis towards pathogen.
what cellular events occur in an innate immune response? - Answer ✅- phagocytosis
- digestion of antigenic pathogen in a phagolysosme by hydrolytic enzymes.
- neutrophils release free antigens into ECF/lymphnode by exocytosis
- neutrophils may undergo apoptosis to (non-specifically) destroy a pathogen.
- neutrophils may release extracellular traps to tag pathogens for opsonisation or degredation.
- macrophages present foreign antigens on surface using MHC2 recombination on chromosome
6.
- cells presenting MHC2 foreign antigens go to the lymphnode.
what is phagocytosis - Answer ✅- neutrophils and macrophages form actin/myosin pseudopods
and pull in pathogens in endosomes.
-phagolyosome forms and digests cell walls and structures of pathogen whilst leaving the
antigens behind.
which 3 cells are foregin antigen presenting? - Answer ✅macrophages
dendritic cells
B-cells
which defensin chemicals can neutrophils produce?
what is a common property of each of these chemicals? - Answer ✅conversion on oxygen to
the FREE RADICALS:
- superoxide
@2025 Exam Material 2
AND ANSWERS PASS GUARANTEED
100% ✅
What are the vascular events of the innate immune response? - Answer ✅- Immunogenic
antigens trigger mast cells
- mast cells produce granules or signals like histamines or prostaglandins
- granules are pushed into capillaries to active selectins
- capillaries contract
- plasma leak and vasodilation - pain, heat, swelling, redness, joint immobility.
- neutrophils and monocytes interact with selectins and are hooked at local region of infection
resulting in margination and transendothelial movement/
- Leukocytes undergo chemotaxis towards antigenic pathogen - phagocytosis.
what factors do monocytes secrete in response to an antigenic pathogen? - Answer
✅interleukin-1
TNF-alpha
interleukin-8
what immune responses does IL-1 and TNF-a facilitate? - Answer ✅- production of more
selectins to trap monocytes and neutrophils.
- fever to increase temperature and metabolism. Creates a harsher environment for pathogen.
- production of more leukocytes from bone marrow
@2025 Exam Material 1
, what immune responses do IL-8 facilitate? - Answer ✅- activates neutrophils and its integrins.
- cells pass through capillaries by margination
- cells cause positive chemotaxis towards pathogen.
what cellular events occur in an innate immune response? - Answer ✅- phagocytosis
- digestion of antigenic pathogen in a phagolysosme by hydrolytic enzymes.
- neutrophils release free antigens into ECF/lymphnode by exocytosis
- neutrophils may undergo apoptosis to (non-specifically) destroy a pathogen.
- neutrophils may release extracellular traps to tag pathogens for opsonisation or degredation.
- macrophages present foreign antigens on surface using MHC2 recombination on chromosome
6.
- cells presenting MHC2 foreign antigens go to the lymphnode.
what is phagocytosis - Answer ✅- neutrophils and macrophages form actin/myosin pseudopods
and pull in pathogens in endosomes.
-phagolyosome forms and digests cell walls and structures of pathogen whilst leaving the
antigens behind.
which 3 cells are foregin antigen presenting? - Answer ✅macrophages
dendritic cells
B-cells
which defensin chemicals can neutrophils produce?
what is a common property of each of these chemicals? - Answer ✅conversion on oxygen to
the FREE RADICALS:
- superoxide
@2025 Exam Material 2
