NSG 531 Advanced Pharmacology Exam 2 - Rush University (Questions & Answers)

NSG 531 Advanced Pharmacology Exam
2 - Rush University (Questions &
Answers
•




1. Pharmacodynamics::what the drug does to the body y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftg y ftgy ftgy ftgy




2. What is an LDR curve?:A log dose response curve, or a curve that describes the
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




relationship bewteen the drug effect (Y axis) and the log of the dose (X axis).
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




3. What is the difference between quantal and graded LDR curves?: Graded: the
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




effectofthedrugfallsonascale(i.e.howmanymmHGdidtheBPdeclinewhen plotted
y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg ftgy




against an increasing log dose?)
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




Quantal:the "response" is predefined (i.e.a SBP < 130 mmHg) and data is plotted to show
y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




who was affected and who wasn't.an either/or situation.
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy y
ftg ftgy ftgy




4. Potency: The dose of a drug necessary to produce 50% of a drug's maximal effect ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




(ED50).Sort of tells you "how much bang you get for your buck" in terms of solely dosage
ftgy y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




amount.
ftgy




5. If themaximalresponsetoa newmedicationis a 50mmHgdeclineinSBP, what
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




is the ED50 on a graded LDR curve?: The dosage that will produce a 25mmHg
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




declined in SBP.
ftgy ftgy ftgy




6. If the desired response for a new medication is a decrease in SBP to < 130
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




mmHg, what is the ED50 on a quantal LDR curve?: The dosage associated with
ftgy y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy




reaching the target BP (< 130) in 50% of the population.
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




1/21
ftgy ftgy

,7. Efficacy:The maximum response that a drug is capable of producing. y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




8. Compare each drug's potency and efficacy: ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




9. What does the steepness of an LDR curve indicate?: What degree of effect a ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




dose change will have (slight change on a steep curve will elicit large effects, big change
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




on a flat curve will elicit small effects).
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




10. ED50:The dose of a medication that produces a specific therapeutic effect in 50% y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




of the population.
ftgy ftgy ftgy




11. TD50:The dose of a medication that produces a specific toxic effect in 50% of the y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




population.
ftgy




12. Therapeuticindex:TD50/ED50,orthespacebetweenthetherapeuticandtoxic LDR y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg ftgy




curves of a drug.
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




13. True or false: a drug with a wide therapeutic index is generally safer than a ftgy ftgy y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




drug with a narrow therapeutic index.: True
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




14. Calculate the therapeutic index of a drug if the ED50 = 0.4 and the TD50 = 40.: y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy y
ftg ftgy ftgy




40/0.4 = 100
ftgy ftgy ftgy




15. True or false: you can visually compare the therapeutic indexes, and safety, of y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg y
ftg ftgy




two drugs with different slopes.: False - if the two drugs have curves that are not
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




parallel to each other they are not easily compared.
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




16. Stereoisomer:Adrugthathasbothanactiveandinactiveisomer,formulated so y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




that the active isomer is at a dose that achieves the therapeutic response.
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




17. Enantiomers:Mirrorimagestereoisomers(havethesamechemicalstructure with y
ftg ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




a different orientation) that have different pharmacological effects.
ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy ftgy




2/21 ftgy ftgy

, 18. Racemicmixture:Anequalmixtureoftwoenantiomers.Ex:Albuterol,consist- ing of j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
ftgy ftgy j ftgy j




the active isomer (R-albuterol) and an inactive isomer (S-albuterol).Effects from the
ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j j
y
ftg ftgy j ftgy j




inactive isomer are usually clinically insignificant.
ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j




19. Ka:Thevolumeneededtogetonemoleofunbounddrugwhen50%ofthetarget
j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg




receptors are occupied.
ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j




20. Kd:The concentration of drug in the plasma when 50% of the target receptors are
j
y
ftg ftgyj ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j j
ftgy ftgyj ftgyj ftgy j j
ftgy j
ftgy ftgy j ftgy j




occupied
ftgy j




21. Partialagonist:Adrugthatbindstoareceptorandstimulatesaneffectthathas both j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg ftgy j




lower potency (curve is shifted right of the full agonist) and efficacy (curve is shorter in
ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j




height).
ftgy j




22. Whywouldwegiveapartialagonist?:Topreventundesirablesideeffectsof the full j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg ftgy j ftgy j




agonist, or because the full agonist isn't necessary.Ex:greater pain relief and
ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j j
y
ftg ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j




psychotropic effects from methadone, but less respiratory depression from
ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j




buprenorphine.
ftgy j




23. Competitiveantagonism:Reversible;effectsdependontherelativeconcen- j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg




tration of the agonist and antagonists (which also occupy receptor sites)
ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j




24. What will the LDR curve of an agonist combined with a fixed dose of a ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j j
ftgy ftgy j j
ftgy j
ftgy j
ftgy




competitive antagonist look like?: Parallel to the agonist curve, but shifted to the
ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j




right.Effects of the antagonist can be overcome with an increased dose of the agonist.
j
ftgy j
y
ftg ftgyj ftgy j j
ftgy j
ftgy j
ftgy ftgy j j
ftgy j
ftgy j
ftgy ftgy j j
ftgy ftgy j ftgy j




25. Noncompetitiveantagonism:Irreversible;effectsareindependentoftherela- tive j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg ftgy j




concentration of the agonist and antagonist (which don't occupy the agonists'
ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j




receptor sites).
ftgy j ftgy j




26. What will the LDR curve of an agonist combined with a fixed dose of a ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j j
ftgy ftgy j j
ftgy j
ftgy j
ftgy




noncompetitiveantagonistlooklike?:Shifteddownwardandtotheright.Effects of
ftgy j j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg ftgy j




the antagonist cannot be overcome with an increased dose of the agonist.
ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j




27. What is the clinical relevance of giving an irreversible, non-competitive ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j




antagonist?:Mustwaitfortheeffectsoftheantagonisttowearoff,sincegivingmore
ftgy j j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg j
y
ftg




agonist will have no effect (ex:pt stops taking aspirin 10-14 days prior to surgery).
ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j j
y
ftg ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j




28. What type of antagonist drug do we most oftenadminister?:Reversible, j
ftgy j
ftgy j
ftgy j
ftgy j
ftgy j
ftgy j
ftgy j
ftgy ftgyj j
y
ftg




competitive antagonists (much easier to control).
ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j




29. True or false:no matterhow high the molar concentration of a reversible, j
ftgy ftgyj j
y
ftg ftgyj j
ftgy j
ftgy ftgyj j
ftgy j
ftgy j
ftgy j
ftgy j
ftgy




competitive antagonist,you can always overcome it by giving a higher dose of
ftgy j ftgy j j
y
ftg ftgy j ftgyj ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j ftgy j




3/21 j ftgyj
ftgy