A&P II Exam 1 Endocrine and
Cardiovascular System30
Cardiovascular System (CVS) - ANSWERSthe system that circulates blood through the body;
consists of the heart and blood vessels
CV Functions - ANSWERSTo transport materials to and from cells: (between blood and tissues)
-oxygen and carbon dioxide
-nutrients
-hormones
-immune system components
-waste products
CV components - ANSWERSA pump (the heart)
A conducting system (blood vessels)
A fluid medium (blood)
blood functions - ANSWERStransportation, regulation, protection
formed elements - ANSWERSred blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
RBC - ANSWERSerythrocytes
most abundant formed element
pick up oxygen from lungs and deliver to body tissues, pick up some CO2 waste to exhale
,plasma - ANSWERSFluid portion of blood, 90% water
to transport glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids
extracellular matrix
hemopoeisis - ANSWERSFormation of blood cells
Occurs in red bone marrow
plasma proteins - ANSWERSAlbumins: most abundant, via liver, binding site and transporting
proteins for fatty acids and steroid hormones, maintains BP and blood volume
Globulins: via plasma cells, 3 subgroups, for osmotic pressure, immunity, transport iron, lipids,
fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)
Fibrinogen: via liver, essential for blood clotting
serum - ANSWERSplasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been
removed
RBC structure - ANSWERSSmall and highly specialized disc
Thin in middle and thicker at edge
disc-shaped and foldable to fit thru the vessel
no nucleus for more room for O2
hemoglobin - ANSWERSglobulin (4 folded chain proteins) + heme (Fe2+ iron ion, red pigment
molecule)
gives blood its red color
one hemoglobin can transport 4 O2 molecules
anemia (different kinds) - ANSWERSthe # of RBCs or hemoglobin is deficient
, blood loss anemias
faulty production anemias: sickle cell, iron deficiency (most common)
vitamin deficient anemias: megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia,
pregnancy/celiac/medications/excessive alcohol
assorted disease processes: aplastic anemia, thalassemia, lead exposure
biliverdin - ANSWERSa green bile pigment produced from hemoglobin breakdown
bilirubin - ANSWERSan orange-yellow pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of
hemoglobin and excreted in bile
erythropoiesis - ANSWERSproduction of red blood cells
hematopoietic factors - ANSWERS~EPO
~Thrombopoietin
~interleukins: body functioning, differentiation/maturation of cells, immunity, inflammation
~colony-stimulating factors: glycoproteins that are autocrine/paracrine, trigger the
differentiation of myeloblast differentiation into granular leukocytes and monocytes
- GM-CSF: stimulates granulocytes and monocytes
- mulit-CSF: stimulated granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets
blood types - ANSWERSA+: A-antigens, B-antibodies, positive Rh factor
A-: A antigens, B-antibodies, negative Rh factor
B+: B antigens, A-antibodies, positive Rh factor
B-: B antigens, A-antibodies, negative Rh factor
AB+: AB antigens, NO antibodies, positive Rh factor
UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT
Cardiovascular System30
Cardiovascular System (CVS) - ANSWERSthe system that circulates blood through the body;
consists of the heart and blood vessels
CV Functions - ANSWERSTo transport materials to and from cells: (between blood and tissues)
-oxygen and carbon dioxide
-nutrients
-hormones
-immune system components
-waste products
CV components - ANSWERSA pump (the heart)
A conducting system (blood vessels)
A fluid medium (blood)
blood functions - ANSWERStransportation, regulation, protection
formed elements - ANSWERSred blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
RBC - ANSWERSerythrocytes
most abundant formed element
pick up oxygen from lungs and deliver to body tissues, pick up some CO2 waste to exhale
,plasma - ANSWERSFluid portion of blood, 90% water
to transport glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, fatty acids
extracellular matrix
hemopoeisis - ANSWERSFormation of blood cells
Occurs in red bone marrow
plasma proteins - ANSWERSAlbumins: most abundant, via liver, binding site and transporting
proteins for fatty acids and steroid hormones, maintains BP and blood volume
Globulins: via plasma cells, 3 subgroups, for osmotic pressure, immunity, transport iron, lipids,
fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)
Fibrinogen: via liver, essential for blood clotting
serum - ANSWERSplasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been
removed
RBC structure - ANSWERSSmall and highly specialized disc
Thin in middle and thicker at edge
disc-shaped and foldable to fit thru the vessel
no nucleus for more room for O2
hemoglobin - ANSWERSglobulin (4 folded chain proteins) + heme (Fe2+ iron ion, red pigment
molecule)
gives blood its red color
one hemoglobin can transport 4 O2 molecules
anemia (different kinds) - ANSWERSthe # of RBCs or hemoglobin is deficient
, blood loss anemias
faulty production anemias: sickle cell, iron deficiency (most common)
vitamin deficient anemias: megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia,
pregnancy/celiac/medications/excessive alcohol
assorted disease processes: aplastic anemia, thalassemia, lead exposure
biliverdin - ANSWERSa green bile pigment produced from hemoglobin breakdown
bilirubin - ANSWERSan orange-yellow pigment formed in the liver by the breakdown of
hemoglobin and excreted in bile
erythropoiesis - ANSWERSproduction of red blood cells
hematopoietic factors - ANSWERS~EPO
~Thrombopoietin
~interleukins: body functioning, differentiation/maturation of cells, immunity, inflammation
~colony-stimulating factors: glycoproteins that are autocrine/paracrine, trigger the
differentiation of myeloblast differentiation into granular leukocytes and monocytes
- GM-CSF: stimulates granulocytes and monocytes
- mulit-CSF: stimulated granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets
blood types - ANSWERSA+: A-antigens, B-antibodies, positive Rh factor
A-: A antigens, B-antibodies, negative Rh factor
B+: B antigens, A-antibodies, positive Rh factor
B-: B antigens, A-antibodies, negative Rh factor
AB+: AB antigens, NO antibodies, positive Rh factor
UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT
