NCE Prep
1. pioneered psychodrama and coined the term group therapy: jacob moreno
2. postulated that jobs can compensate for unmet childhood needs: anne roe
3. a pioneer in the behavior therapy creating a paradigm dubbed conditionedreflex therapy,
and a behavioristic theory of hypnosis and autohypnosis: an-drew salter
4. when a person has two negative alternatives: avoidance-avoidance conflict
5. a positive factor with a negative factor; toughest type of conflict for the client to tackle as
it generates the largest amount of frustration: ap-proach-avoidance conflict
6. (osgood & tannenbaum) a client will more readily accept suggestions fromthe counselor if
the client likes the counselor: congruity theory
7. peole are mixed together but they retain their own cultural identity: saladbowl model of
diversity
8. study that set up two groups of 11-year old boys that were hostile to one another; results
showed that the most effective way to reduce hostility
between groups was to give them an alternative, a superordinate goal, whichrequired a joint
effort: Robbers Cave Experiment
9. leon festinger's theory says that people have a need to compare them- selves with others
to assess their own abilities and options; we all compare ourselves to others who are basically
similar to us: theory of social comparison
10. experiments by solomon asch and muzafer sherif would predict that the person would
most likely "sell out" and agree with others in the group: aschsituation
11. considered one of the founders of modern sociology; principles outlinedin his work Rules
of Sociological Method (1895) and Suicide (1897); known for taking group phenomena
beyond armchair-speculation and into formal research: emile durkheim
12. father of transactional analysis: eric berne
13. proposed a controversial stage-crisis view theory with several major life transitions; he
wrote Seasons of a Mans Life (1978) and Seasons of a Woman'sLife (1997); postulated a midlife
crisis for men between ages 40 and 45 and forwomen approximately five years earlier: daniel
levinson
14. behavior must be assessed in the context of the culture in which thebehavior occurs:
contextualism
15. assistant to lawrence kohlberg; was critical of his theory of moral develop-ment as she felt
it was more applicable to males than females because it didnot delineate how women place
more emphasis and personal responsibility on caregiving than men do who focus on
individual rights and justice: carol gilligan
16. oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital: freudian stages
,17. theorists that believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior: -
ego psychologists
18. things are conceptualized as good or bad or right or wrong: dualistic think-ing
19. known for his ideas related to adult cognitive development; especially re- garding college
students; stresses dualistic thinking common to teens: robertperry
20. as individuals enter adulthood the individual now has the ability to per- ceive that not
everything is right or wrong, but an answer can exist relativeto a specific question or scenario;
multiple ways to see the world: relativisticthinking
21. probable outcome: prognosis
22. what a counselor believes must transpire from a psychotherapeutic stand-point:
recommendations
23. John Dollar & Neal Miller hypothesis asserts that frustration leads to ag-gression:
frustration-aggression theory
24. a popular consistency or balance theory; leon festinger (1957) suggested that individuals
are motivated to reduce tension and discomfort, thus puttingan end to the dissonance;
associated with social psychology; *a person willlook for things that are consistent with his or
her behavior*: cognitive dissonance theory
25. concept that suggests that people strive for consistency/balnce in terms oftheir belief
systems; individuals attempt to reduce or eliminate inconsistent or incompatible actions and
beliefs: balance theory
26. literally "discord"; a state of incompatibility; a distasteful state of mind thatthe individual
will attempt to change: dissonance
27. term that describes how people are supposed to act: cultural norm
28. beliefs and social customs regarding the rightness and wrongness of be-havior; people
generally punished for violating these: mores
29. the father of guidance, wrote choosing a vocation; considered the first social reformer;
one of the first to focus on sociocultural issues: frank parsons
30. implies that cultual norms are often the result of practical and survivalbehaviors related to
the climate or the resources in a given physical or geological area: ecological culture
31. developed by Emory Bogardus in the 1920s to evaluate how an individualfelt towards
other ethnic groups: social distance scale
32. children raised primarily in a culture that is different than their parents'culture during
their formative years: third culture kid (tck)
33. a self-perpetuating independent group which occupies a definitive territo-ry: society
34. when an individual uses one's own culture as a yardstick to measure all other cultures;
, conveys the notion that one's own group is superior: ethnocen-trism
35. ethnic and racial minorities integrate or adopt cultural beliefs and customsfrom the majority
or dominant culture: acculturation
36. when an individual has such a high level of acculturation that he or shebecomes a part of
the dominant, macro, or majority culture: assimilation
37. a relationship will endure if the rewards are greater than the costs: socialexchange theory
38. when the client psychologically surrenders himself or herself to a coun- selor from a
different culture and becomes open with feelings and thoughts-
: therapeutic surrender
39. fathered by victor frankl; a form of existential therapy; stresses "healingthrough
meaning": logotherapy
40. an insiders perception of a culture; viewpoint emphasizes that each clientis an individual
with individual differences: emic
41. theory that humans are humans regardless of background and culture,thus the same
techniques and theories can be applied to any client: etic
42. client can best cope by changing or altering external factors in the envi-ronment:
alloplastic
43. change comes from the self such as thoughts and behaviors: autoplastic
44. a client displays symptoms that (generally neurological) that cannot beaccounted for by
medical exams; medical diagnosis shows no reason for individual's condition: conversion
disorders
45. client who does not seem concerned with or bothered by their condition: labelle indifference
46. occurs when a person fakes a physical or emotional illness to avoid work,military duty, or
prison: malingering
47. occurs when the client rapidly shifts his or her emotional attitude towardthe counselor
based on the learning and experiences related to authority figures from the past: ambivalent
transference
48. all people must adjust to environmental and geological demands; coun-selor will make
best progress if he or she sees the client primarily as a person who has learned a set of
survival skills rather than as a diseased person: personalism
49. the presence of other persons improves a persons performance even whenthere is no verbal
interaction: social facilitation
50. after a period of time, one forgets the communicator but rememebrs themessage
(associated with social psychology): sleeper effect
51. position by william mcdougall that individual as well as group behavior isthe result of
1. pioneered psychodrama and coined the term group therapy: jacob moreno
2. postulated that jobs can compensate for unmet childhood needs: anne roe
3. a pioneer in the behavior therapy creating a paradigm dubbed conditionedreflex therapy,
and a behavioristic theory of hypnosis and autohypnosis: an-drew salter
4. when a person has two negative alternatives: avoidance-avoidance conflict
5. a positive factor with a negative factor; toughest type of conflict for the client to tackle as
it generates the largest amount of frustration: ap-proach-avoidance conflict
6. (osgood & tannenbaum) a client will more readily accept suggestions fromthe counselor if
the client likes the counselor: congruity theory
7. peole are mixed together but they retain their own cultural identity: saladbowl model of
diversity
8. study that set up two groups of 11-year old boys that were hostile to one another; results
showed that the most effective way to reduce hostility
between groups was to give them an alternative, a superordinate goal, whichrequired a joint
effort: Robbers Cave Experiment
9. leon festinger's theory says that people have a need to compare them- selves with others
to assess their own abilities and options; we all compare ourselves to others who are basically
similar to us: theory of social comparison
10. experiments by solomon asch and muzafer sherif would predict that the person would
most likely "sell out" and agree with others in the group: aschsituation
11. considered one of the founders of modern sociology; principles outlinedin his work Rules
of Sociological Method (1895) and Suicide (1897); known for taking group phenomena
beyond armchair-speculation and into formal research: emile durkheim
12. father of transactional analysis: eric berne
13. proposed a controversial stage-crisis view theory with several major life transitions; he
wrote Seasons of a Mans Life (1978) and Seasons of a Woman'sLife (1997); postulated a midlife
crisis for men between ages 40 and 45 and forwomen approximately five years earlier: daniel
levinson
14. behavior must be assessed in the context of the culture in which thebehavior occurs:
contextualism
15. assistant to lawrence kohlberg; was critical of his theory of moral develop-ment as she felt
it was more applicable to males than females because it didnot delineate how women place
more emphasis and personal responsibility on caregiving than men do who focus on
individual rights and justice: carol gilligan
16. oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital: freudian stages
,17. theorists that believe in man's powers of reasoning to control behavior: -
ego psychologists
18. things are conceptualized as good or bad or right or wrong: dualistic think-ing
19. known for his ideas related to adult cognitive development; especially re- garding college
students; stresses dualistic thinking common to teens: robertperry
20. as individuals enter adulthood the individual now has the ability to per- ceive that not
everything is right or wrong, but an answer can exist relativeto a specific question or scenario;
multiple ways to see the world: relativisticthinking
21. probable outcome: prognosis
22. what a counselor believes must transpire from a psychotherapeutic stand-point:
recommendations
23. John Dollar & Neal Miller hypothesis asserts that frustration leads to ag-gression:
frustration-aggression theory
24. a popular consistency or balance theory; leon festinger (1957) suggested that individuals
are motivated to reduce tension and discomfort, thus puttingan end to the dissonance;
associated with social psychology; *a person willlook for things that are consistent with his or
her behavior*: cognitive dissonance theory
25. concept that suggests that people strive for consistency/balnce in terms oftheir belief
systems; individuals attempt to reduce or eliminate inconsistent or incompatible actions and
beliefs: balance theory
26. literally "discord"; a state of incompatibility; a distasteful state of mind thatthe individual
will attempt to change: dissonance
27. term that describes how people are supposed to act: cultural norm
28. beliefs and social customs regarding the rightness and wrongness of be-havior; people
generally punished for violating these: mores
29. the father of guidance, wrote choosing a vocation; considered the first social reformer;
one of the first to focus on sociocultural issues: frank parsons
30. implies that cultual norms are often the result of practical and survivalbehaviors related to
the climate or the resources in a given physical or geological area: ecological culture
31. developed by Emory Bogardus in the 1920s to evaluate how an individualfelt towards
other ethnic groups: social distance scale
32. children raised primarily in a culture that is different than their parents'culture during
their formative years: third culture kid (tck)
33. a self-perpetuating independent group which occupies a definitive territo-ry: society
34. when an individual uses one's own culture as a yardstick to measure all other cultures;
, conveys the notion that one's own group is superior: ethnocen-trism
35. ethnic and racial minorities integrate or adopt cultural beliefs and customsfrom the majority
or dominant culture: acculturation
36. when an individual has such a high level of acculturation that he or shebecomes a part of
the dominant, macro, or majority culture: assimilation
37. a relationship will endure if the rewards are greater than the costs: socialexchange theory
38. when the client psychologically surrenders himself or herself to a coun- selor from a
different culture and becomes open with feelings and thoughts-
: therapeutic surrender
39. fathered by victor frankl; a form of existential therapy; stresses "healingthrough
meaning": logotherapy
40. an insiders perception of a culture; viewpoint emphasizes that each clientis an individual
with individual differences: emic
41. theory that humans are humans regardless of background and culture,thus the same
techniques and theories can be applied to any client: etic
42. client can best cope by changing or altering external factors in the envi-ronment:
alloplastic
43. change comes from the self such as thoughts and behaviors: autoplastic
44. a client displays symptoms that (generally neurological) that cannot beaccounted for by
medical exams; medical diagnosis shows no reason for individual's condition: conversion
disorders
45. client who does not seem concerned with or bothered by their condition: labelle indifference
46. occurs when a person fakes a physical or emotional illness to avoid work,military duty, or
prison: malingering
47. occurs when the client rapidly shifts his or her emotional attitude towardthe counselor
based on the learning and experiences related to authority figures from the past: ambivalent
transference
48. all people must adjust to environmental and geological demands; coun-selor will make
best progress if he or she sees the client primarily as a person who has learned a set of
survival skills rather than as a diseased person: personalism
49. the presence of other persons improves a persons performance even whenthere is no verbal
interaction: social facilitation
50. after a period of time, one forgets the communicator but rememebrs themessage
(associated with social psychology): sleeper effect
51. position by william mcdougall that individual as well as group behavior isthe result of
