Principles of Pharmacology – ATI Questions & Answers

What is the term for a medication that is injected into a vein, subcutaneous tissue, or muscle tissue? - ANSWER-Parenteral. What is the term for a medication applied directly to the skin? - ANSWER-Topical or transdermal. What is the term for the time it takes a medication in the body to decrease in amount by half? - ANSWER-Half-life. What is the term for the amount of time it takes a medication to demonstrate a therapeutic response? - ANSWER-Onset of action. What is the term for the amount of time it takes for a drug to demonstrate its full therapeutic effect? - ANSWER-Peak effect. What is the term for the length of time that a medication's therapeutic effect lasts? - ANSWER-Duration. What is the term for the point in time when a drug is at its highest level in the body? - ANSWER-Peak level. What is the term for the point in time when a drug is at its lowest level in the body? - ANSWER-Trough level. What type of drug binds with the receptor site on a cell and elicits a greater than typical response? - ANSWER-Agonist. What type of drug binds with the receptor site on a cell and either blocks or precipitates a less than typical response? - ANSWER-Antagonist. What is the name of the process that occurs when a drug changes a target molecule's typical response by inhibiting or enhancing the action of an enzyme that affects the target molecule? - ANSWER-Selective interaction. What is the term for the unintended effects of a drug that commonly occur when a therapeutic dose of the drug is given? - ANSWER-Side effects. What is the term for the unintended effects of a drug that occur when the therapeutic dose of the drug causes severe or life-threatening effects? - ANSWER-Adverse effects. What is the name of the exaggerated response by the body's immune system to a drug that precipitates a massive release of histamine and other chemical mediators? - ANSWER-Anaphylactic shock. What are some of the symptoms of anaphylactic shock? - ANSWER-1. Swelling of the eyes, face, mouth, and throat 2. Difficulty breathing and wheezing 3. Rapid heart rate 4. Extremely low blood pressure 5. Cardiac arrest What is the initial focus of treatment for anaphylactic shock? - ANSWER-1. Re-establishment of an airway and oxygen therapy 2. Administration of epinephrine to raise the blood pressure and dilate bronchi 3. Administration of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) to block the additional release of histamine What is the term for the body's decreased response to a drug that is given over a period of time? - ANSWER-Drug tolerance.