ASCP MLS COMPLETE QUESTIONS &
SOLUTIONS(RATED A+)
CA-125 - ANSWER ovarian cancer tumor marker
PSA, PAP - ANSWER prostate tumor marker
CA-15-3 - ANSWER Breast Cancer Tumor Marker
CEA - ANSWER colon cancer tumor marker
hsCRP increased in? - ANSWER AMI, inflammation
lactate dehydrogenase - ANSWER Monitors tissue damage, widely distributed
throughout the body
creatine kinase - ANSWER Found in cardiac, brain, skeletal muscle
CK-MB - ANSWER Increased in AMI
CK-MM - ANSWER Increased in muscular disease
ALT increased in... - ANSWER Hepatitis
AST increased in... - ANSWER Hepatitis
Alkaline phosphatase increased in... - ANSWER Hepatitis and bone disorders (found in
hepatobiliary and bone)
GGT increased in... - ANSWER Recent alcohol use, liver disorders
Amylase increased in... - ANSWER Pancreatitis, not very specific
Lipase increased in... - ANSWER Pancreatitis, more specific, but rises slower
Apolipoproteins - ANSWER Proton component free from lipid
Friedewald Calculation is for... - ANSWER Calculating LDL
Friedewald calculation - ANSWER (Total chol) - (HDL chol)-(Trig/5)
Insulin released when? - ANSWER Increased blood glucose
Glucagon released when? - ANSWER Decreased blood glucose
,Glycogenolysis - ANSWER breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Glycolysis - ANSWER Breakdown of glucose
Insulin does what in the body? - ANSWER Decrease glycogenolysis and glycolysis,
increase glucose uptake by cells
Glucagon does what in the body? - ANSWER Increase glycogenolysis, signals liver to
breakdown glucose and fat
Glucose produced where? - ANSWER Produced in liver
Hemoglobin is broken down into... (4) - ANSWER CO, Globin, Iron, Bilirubin
Unconjugated bilirubin - ANSWER Indirect, insoluble, bound to albumin
conjugated bilirubin - ANSWER Direct, bound to water soluble molecule
What type of bilirubin is found in urine? - ANSWER Unconjugated bilirubin
Urobilinogen - ANSWER Even more water soluble and easy to excrete than conj.
Bilirubin
prehepatic jaundice - ANSWER Increased bilirubin production due to hemolysis or
ineffective erythropoiesis
hepatic jaundice - ANSWER Abnormal bilirubin metabolism (e.g. cell damage, hepatitis)
Post-hepatic jaundice - ANSWER Decreased bilirubin excretion, usually caused by
obstruction
Test results in PRE hepatic jaundice - ANSWER Increased indirect serum bilirubin, stool
and urine urobilinogen. Normal direct serum bilirubin.
Proteins, in order of most anodic to least anodic - ANSWER Prealbumin, albumin, alpha
1, alpha 2, beta, gamma
Albumin decreased in... - ANSWER Inflammation and protein loss
Ceruloplasmin - ANSWER transports copper
Transferrin - ANSWER transports iron
IgG, IgM and IgA: increased in protein electrophoresis when... - ANSWER In
inflammation and in monoclonal spikes in myeloma
, Test results in dehydration - ANSWER Increased total protein, increased albumin,
increased Serum Na, Increased Osmo
proteinuria is associated with... - ANSWER Disease of the kidney, such as glomerular
nephritis
Test results in multiple myeloma - ANSWER Increased total protein in serum, decr.
albumin, decr. albumin:globulin ratio, prescience of monoclonal paraproteins
Nephropathy - ANSWER Disease of the kidneys caused by damage to the small blood
vessels
Non-protein nitrogenous substances - ANSWER Come from breakdown of protein and
nucleic acid
Urea - ANSWER Indicates overall kidney function; increased BUN/Creat Ratio in
dehydration
Creatinine indicates... - ANSWER Glomerular function
Increased plasma creat and clearance in... - ANSWER Early nephropathy
Decreased creat clearance in... - ANSWER Renal failure
Ammonia indicates... - ANSWER Liver function (increased in liver failure and Reye's
syndrome)
Creat Cleance Calculation - ANSWER (Urine creat) X (volume in mL/min) (surface area,
1.73) all divided by serum creat
Aldosterone - ANSWER Corticosteroid hormone that stimulates kidney to absorb Na to
regulate salt and water balance
Sodium is... - ANSWER Major extracellular cation
Potassium is.... - ANSWER Major intracellular cation
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation - ANSWER pH= 6.1 + log (HCO3/(0.03xpCO2))
Metabolic acidosis - ANSWER Decreased pH and decreased HCO3
metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER increased pH, increased HCO3
Respiratory acidosis - ANSWER Decreased pH, Increased pCO2
SOLUTIONS(RATED A+)
CA-125 - ANSWER ovarian cancer tumor marker
PSA, PAP - ANSWER prostate tumor marker
CA-15-3 - ANSWER Breast Cancer Tumor Marker
CEA - ANSWER colon cancer tumor marker
hsCRP increased in? - ANSWER AMI, inflammation
lactate dehydrogenase - ANSWER Monitors tissue damage, widely distributed
throughout the body
creatine kinase - ANSWER Found in cardiac, brain, skeletal muscle
CK-MB - ANSWER Increased in AMI
CK-MM - ANSWER Increased in muscular disease
ALT increased in... - ANSWER Hepatitis
AST increased in... - ANSWER Hepatitis
Alkaline phosphatase increased in... - ANSWER Hepatitis and bone disorders (found in
hepatobiliary and bone)
GGT increased in... - ANSWER Recent alcohol use, liver disorders
Amylase increased in... - ANSWER Pancreatitis, not very specific
Lipase increased in... - ANSWER Pancreatitis, more specific, but rises slower
Apolipoproteins - ANSWER Proton component free from lipid
Friedewald Calculation is for... - ANSWER Calculating LDL
Friedewald calculation - ANSWER (Total chol) - (HDL chol)-(Trig/5)
Insulin released when? - ANSWER Increased blood glucose
Glucagon released when? - ANSWER Decreased blood glucose
,Glycogenolysis - ANSWER breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Glycolysis - ANSWER Breakdown of glucose
Insulin does what in the body? - ANSWER Decrease glycogenolysis and glycolysis,
increase glucose uptake by cells
Glucagon does what in the body? - ANSWER Increase glycogenolysis, signals liver to
breakdown glucose and fat
Glucose produced where? - ANSWER Produced in liver
Hemoglobin is broken down into... (4) - ANSWER CO, Globin, Iron, Bilirubin
Unconjugated bilirubin - ANSWER Indirect, insoluble, bound to albumin
conjugated bilirubin - ANSWER Direct, bound to water soluble molecule
What type of bilirubin is found in urine? - ANSWER Unconjugated bilirubin
Urobilinogen - ANSWER Even more water soluble and easy to excrete than conj.
Bilirubin
prehepatic jaundice - ANSWER Increased bilirubin production due to hemolysis or
ineffective erythropoiesis
hepatic jaundice - ANSWER Abnormal bilirubin metabolism (e.g. cell damage, hepatitis)
Post-hepatic jaundice - ANSWER Decreased bilirubin excretion, usually caused by
obstruction
Test results in PRE hepatic jaundice - ANSWER Increased indirect serum bilirubin, stool
and urine urobilinogen. Normal direct serum bilirubin.
Proteins, in order of most anodic to least anodic - ANSWER Prealbumin, albumin, alpha
1, alpha 2, beta, gamma
Albumin decreased in... - ANSWER Inflammation and protein loss
Ceruloplasmin - ANSWER transports copper
Transferrin - ANSWER transports iron
IgG, IgM and IgA: increased in protein electrophoresis when... - ANSWER In
inflammation and in monoclonal spikes in myeloma
, Test results in dehydration - ANSWER Increased total protein, increased albumin,
increased Serum Na, Increased Osmo
proteinuria is associated with... - ANSWER Disease of the kidney, such as glomerular
nephritis
Test results in multiple myeloma - ANSWER Increased total protein in serum, decr.
albumin, decr. albumin:globulin ratio, prescience of monoclonal paraproteins
Nephropathy - ANSWER Disease of the kidneys caused by damage to the small blood
vessels
Non-protein nitrogenous substances - ANSWER Come from breakdown of protein and
nucleic acid
Urea - ANSWER Indicates overall kidney function; increased BUN/Creat Ratio in
dehydration
Creatinine indicates... - ANSWER Glomerular function
Increased plasma creat and clearance in... - ANSWER Early nephropathy
Decreased creat clearance in... - ANSWER Renal failure
Ammonia indicates... - ANSWER Liver function (increased in liver failure and Reye's
syndrome)
Creat Cleance Calculation - ANSWER (Urine creat) X (volume in mL/min) (surface area,
1.73) all divided by serum creat
Aldosterone - ANSWER Corticosteroid hormone that stimulates kidney to absorb Na to
regulate salt and water balance
Sodium is... - ANSWER Major extracellular cation
Potassium is.... - ANSWER Major intracellular cation
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation - ANSWER pH= 6.1 + log (HCO3/(0.03xpCO2))
Metabolic acidosis - ANSWER Decreased pH and decreased HCO3
metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER increased pH, increased HCO3
Respiratory acidosis - ANSWER Decreased pH, Increased pCO2
