CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and Treatment
2025 Testbank/Studyguide
Chapter 1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
1. Which of the following behaviors indicates the highest potential for spreading infections
among clients? The nurse:
1) disinfects dirty hands with antibacterial soap.
2) allows alcohol-based rub to dry for 10 seconds.
3) washes hands only after leaving each room.
4) uses cold water for medical asepsis.
2. What is the most frequent cause of the spread of infection among institutionalized
patients?
1) Airborne microbes from other patients
2) Contact with contaminated equipment
3) Hands of healthcare workers
4) Exposure from family members
3. Which of the following nursing activities is of highest priority for maintaining medical
asepsis?
1) Washing hands
2) Donning gloves
3) Applying sterile drapes
4) Wearing a gown
4. A patient infected with a virus but who does not have any outward sign of the disease is
considered a:
1) pathogen.
2) fomite.
3) vector.
4) carrier.
5. A patient is admitted to the hospital with tuberculosis. Which precautions must the nurse
institute when caring for this patient?
1) Droplet transmission
2) Airborne transmission
3) Direct contact
4) Indirect contact
, 6. A patient becomes infected with oral candidiasis (thrush) while receiving intravenous
antibiotics to treat a systemic infection. Which type of infection has the patient developed?
1) Endogenous nosocomial
2) Exogenous nosocomial
3) Latent
4) Primary
7. A patient admitted to the hospital with pneumonia has been receiving antibiotics for 2
days. His condition has stabilized, and his temperature has returned to normal. Which stage of
infection is the patient most likely experiencing?
1) Incubation
2) Prodromal
3) Decline
4) Convalescence
8. The nurse assists a surgeon with central venous catheter insertion. Which action is
necessary to help maintain sterile technique?
1) Closing the patients door to limit room traffic while preparing the sterile field
2) Using clean procedure gloves to handle sterile equipment
3) Placing the nonsterile syringes containing flush solution on the sterile field
4) Remaining 6 inches away from the sterile field during the procedure
9. A patient develops localized heat and erythema over an area on the lower leg. These
findings are indicative of which secondary defense against infection?
1) Phagocytosis
2) Complement cascade
3) Inflammation
4) Immunity
10. The patient suddenly develops hives, shortness of breath, and wheezing after receiving
an antibiotic. Which antibody is primarily responsible for this patients response?
1) IgA
2) IgE
3) IgG
4) IgM
11. What type of immunity is provided by intravenous (IV) administration of
immunoglobulin G?
1) Cell-mediated
2) Passive
3) Humoral
4) Active
, 12. A patient asks the nurse why there is no vaccine available for the common cold. Which
response by the nurse is correct?
1) The virus mutates too rapidly to develop a vaccine.
2) Vaccines are developed only for very serious illnesses.
3) Researchers are focusing efforts on an HIV vaccine.
4) The virus for the common cold has not been identified.
1 . A patient who has a temperature of 101F (38.3C) most likely requires:
1) acetaminophen (Tylenol).
2) increased fluids.
3) bedrest.
4) tepid bath.
14. Why is a lotion without petroleum preferred over a petroleum-based product as a skin
protectant? It:
1) Prevents microorganisms from adhering to the skin.
2) Facilitates the absorption of latex proteins through the skin.
3) Decreases the risk of latex allergies.
4) Prevents the skin from drying and chaffing.
15. For which range of time must a nurse wash her hands before working in the operating
room?
1) 1 to 2 minutes
2) 2 to 4 minutes
3) 2 to 6 minutes
4) 6 to 10 minutes
16. How should the nurse dispose of the breakfast tray of a patient who requires airborne
isolation?
1) Place the tray in a specially marked trash can inside the patients room.
Place the tray in a special isolation bag held by a second healthcare worker at the
2) patients door.
Return the tray with a note to dietary services so it can be cleaned and reused for the
3) next meal.
Carry the tray to an isolation trash receptacle located in the dirty utility room and
4) dispose of it there.
1 . How much liquid soap should the nurse use for effective hand washing? At least:
1) 2 mL
2) 3 mL
3) 6 mL
4) 7 mL
, 18. mmTo mmassure mmeffectiveness, mmwhen mmshould mmthe mmnurse mmstop mmrubbing
mmantiseptic mmhand mmsolution mmover mmall mmsurfaces mmof mmthe mmhands?
1) When mmfingers mmfeel mmsticky
2) After mm5 mmto mm10 mmseconds
3) When mmleaving mmthe mmclients mmroom
4) Once mmfingers mmand mmhands mmfeel mmdry
19. mmA mmpatient mmis mmadmitted mmto mmthe mmhospital mmfor mmchemotherapy mmand
mmhas mma mmlow mmwhite mmblood mmcell mmcount. mmWhich mmprecaution mmshould mmthe
mmstaff mmtake mmwith mmthis mmpatient?
1) Contact
2) Protective
3) Droplet
4) Airborne
20. mmWhile mmdonning mmsterile mmgloves, mmthe mmnurse mmnotices mmthe mmedges mmof
mmthe mmglove mmpackage mmare mmslightly mmyellow. mmThe mmyellow mmarea mmis mmover mm1
mminch mmaway mmfrom mmthe mmgloves mmand mmonly mmappears mmto mmbe mmon mmthe mmoutside
mmof mmthe mmglove mmpackage. mmWhat mmis mmthe mmbest mmaction mmfor mmthe mmnurse mmto
mmtake mmat mmthis mmpoint?
1) Continue mmusing mmthe mmgloves mminside mmthe mmpackage mmbecause mmthe mmpackage mmis
mm intact.
2) Remove mmgloves mmfrom mmsterile mmfield mmand mmuse mma mmnew mmpair mmof mmsterile
mmgloves.
3) Throw mmall mmsupplies mmaway mmthat mmwere mmto mmbe mmused mmand mmbegin mmagain.
4) Use mmthe mmgloves mmand mmmake mmsure mmthe mmyellow mmedges mmof mmthe mmpackage
mmdo mmnot mmtouch mmthe mmclient.
21. mmThe mmnurse mmis mmremoving mmpersonal mmprotective mmequipment mm(PPE).
mmWhich mmitem mmshould mmbe mmremoved mmfirst?
1) Gown
2) Gloves
3) Face mmshield
4) Hair mmcovering
22. mmA mmnurse mmis mmsplashed mmin mmthe mmface mmby mmbody mmfluid mmduring mma
mmprocedure. mmPrioritize mmthe mmnurses mmactions, mmlisting mmthe mmmost mmimportant mmone
mmfirst.
A. Contact mmemployee mmhealth
B. Complete mman mmincident mmreport
C. Wash mmthe mmexposed mmarea
D. Report mmto mmanother mmnurse mmthat mmshe mmis mmleaving mmthe mmimmediate mmarea.
1) 1, mm2, mm3, mm4
2) 2, mm3, mm4, mm1
3) 3, mm4, mm1, mm2
2025 Testbank/Studyguide
Chapter 1. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
1. Which of the following behaviors indicates the highest potential for spreading infections
among clients? The nurse:
1) disinfects dirty hands with antibacterial soap.
2) allows alcohol-based rub to dry for 10 seconds.
3) washes hands only after leaving each room.
4) uses cold water for medical asepsis.
2. What is the most frequent cause of the spread of infection among institutionalized
patients?
1) Airborne microbes from other patients
2) Contact with contaminated equipment
3) Hands of healthcare workers
4) Exposure from family members
3. Which of the following nursing activities is of highest priority for maintaining medical
asepsis?
1) Washing hands
2) Donning gloves
3) Applying sterile drapes
4) Wearing a gown
4. A patient infected with a virus but who does not have any outward sign of the disease is
considered a:
1) pathogen.
2) fomite.
3) vector.
4) carrier.
5. A patient is admitted to the hospital with tuberculosis. Which precautions must the nurse
institute when caring for this patient?
1) Droplet transmission
2) Airborne transmission
3) Direct contact
4) Indirect contact
, 6. A patient becomes infected with oral candidiasis (thrush) while receiving intravenous
antibiotics to treat a systemic infection. Which type of infection has the patient developed?
1) Endogenous nosocomial
2) Exogenous nosocomial
3) Latent
4) Primary
7. A patient admitted to the hospital with pneumonia has been receiving antibiotics for 2
days. His condition has stabilized, and his temperature has returned to normal. Which stage of
infection is the patient most likely experiencing?
1) Incubation
2) Prodromal
3) Decline
4) Convalescence
8. The nurse assists a surgeon with central venous catheter insertion. Which action is
necessary to help maintain sterile technique?
1) Closing the patients door to limit room traffic while preparing the sterile field
2) Using clean procedure gloves to handle sterile equipment
3) Placing the nonsterile syringes containing flush solution on the sterile field
4) Remaining 6 inches away from the sterile field during the procedure
9. A patient develops localized heat and erythema over an area on the lower leg. These
findings are indicative of which secondary defense against infection?
1) Phagocytosis
2) Complement cascade
3) Inflammation
4) Immunity
10. The patient suddenly develops hives, shortness of breath, and wheezing after receiving
an antibiotic. Which antibody is primarily responsible for this patients response?
1) IgA
2) IgE
3) IgG
4) IgM
11. What type of immunity is provided by intravenous (IV) administration of
immunoglobulin G?
1) Cell-mediated
2) Passive
3) Humoral
4) Active
, 12. A patient asks the nurse why there is no vaccine available for the common cold. Which
response by the nurse is correct?
1) The virus mutates too rapidly to develop a vaccine.
2) Vaccines are developed only for very serious illnesses.
3) Researchers are focusing efforts on an HIV vaccine.
4) The virus for the common cold has not been identified.
1 . A patient who has a temperature of 101F (38.3C) most likely requires:
1) acetaminophen (Tylenol).
2) increased fluids.
3) bedrest.
4) tepid bath.
14. Why is a lotion without petroleum preferred over a petroleum-based product as a skin
protectant? It:
1) Prevents microorganisms from adhering to the skin.
2) Facilitates the absorption of latex proteins through the skin.
3) Decreases the risk of latex allergies.
4) Prevents the skin from drying and chaffing.
15. For which range of time must a nurse wash her hands before working in the operating
room?
1) 1 to 2 minutes
2) 2 to 4 minutes
3) 2 to 6 minutes
4) 6 to 10 minutes
16. How should the nurse dispose of the breakfast tray of a patient who requires airborne
isolation?
1) Place the tray in a specially marked trash can inside the patients room.
Place the tray in a special isolation bag held by a second healthcare worker at the
2) patients door.
Return the tray with a note to dietary services so it can be cleaned and reused for the
3) next meal.
Carry the tray to an isolation trash receptacle located in the dirty utility room and
4) dispose of it there.
1 . How much liquid soap should the nurse use for effective hand washing? At least:
1) 2 mL
2) 3 mL
3) 6 mL
4) 7 mL
, 18. mmTo mmassure mmeffectiveness, mmwhen mmshould mmthe mmnurse mmstop mmrubbing
mmantiseptic mmhand mmsolution mmover mmall mmsurfaces mmof mmthe mmhands?
1) When mmfingers mmfeel mmsticky
2) After mm5 mmto mm10 mmseconds
3) When mmleaving mmthe mmclients mmroom
4) Once mmfingers mmand mmhands mmfeel mmdry
19. mmA mmpatient mmis mmadmitted mmto mmthe mmhospital mmfor mmchemotherapy mmand
mmhas mma mmlow mmwhite mmblood mmcell mmcount. mmWhich mmprecaution mmshould mmthe
mmstaff mmtake mmwith mmthis mmpatient?
1) Contact
2) Protective
3) Droplet
4) Airborne
20. mmWhile mmdonning mmsterile mmgloves, mmthe mmnurse mmnotices mmthe mmedges mmof
mmthe mmglove mmpackage mmare mmslightly mmyellow. mmThe mmyellow mmarea mmis mmover mm1
mminch mmaway mmfrom mmthe mmgloves mmand mmonly mmappears mmto mmbe mmon mmthe mmoutside
mmof mmthe mmglove mmpackage. mmWhat mmis mmthe mmbest mmaction mmfor mmthe mmnurse mmto
mmtake mmat mmthis mmpoint?
1) Continue mmusing mmthe mmgloves mminside mmthe mmpackage mmbecause mmthe mmpackage mmis
mm intact.
2) Remove mmgloves mmfrom mmsterile mmfield mmand mmuse mma mmnew mmpair mmof mmsterile
mmgloves.
3) Throw mmall mmsupplies mmaway mmthat mmwere mmto mmbe mmused mmand mmbegin mmagain.
4) Use mmthe mmgloves mmand mmmake mmsure mmthe mmyellow mmedges mmof mmthe mmpackage
mmdo mmnot mmtouch mmthe mmclient.
21. mmThe mmnurse mmis mmremoving mmpersonal mmprotective mmequipment mm(PPE).
mmWhich mmitem mmshould mmbe mmremoved mmfirst?
1) Gown
2) Gloves
3) Face mmshield
4) Hair mmcovering
22. mmA mmnurse mmis mmsplashed mmin mmthe mmface mmby mmbody mmfluid mmduring mma
mmprocedure. mmPrioritize mmthe mmnurses mmactions, mmlisting mmthe mmmost mmimportant mmone
mmfirst.
A. Contact mmemployee mmhealth
B. Complete mman mmincident mmreport
C. Wash mmthe mmexposed mmarea
D. Report mmto mmanother mmnurse mmthat mmshe mmis mmleaving mmthe mmimmediate mmarea.
1) 1, mm2, mm3, mm4
2) 2, mm3, mm4, mm1
3) 3, mm4, mm1, mm2
