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UPSC Prelims – European Powers in India | MCQ Set with Explanations | Modern History Focus

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Institution UPSC Prelims History
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This document offers a focused set of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on the topic European Powers in India, tailored for UPSC Prelims preparation. It covers key events, treaties, trading companies, battles, and the roles of Portuguese, Dutch, British, and French powers during the early modern period of Indian history. Each question is followed by a clear explanation, making it ideal for concept reinforcement and exam revision.

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Vasco da Gama landing year at Calicut

1498


Portuguese governor who captured Goa in 1510

Alfonso de Albuquerque


Cartaze system
A naval permit system to control maritime trade in the Indian Ocean.


Mughal emperor who ordered the siege of Hooghly

Shah Jahan


First Portuguese fort in India

Established at Cochin in 1503.

,First implementer of Blue Water Policy in India
Francisco de Almeida.


Nino da Cunha's contribution

Moved the Portuguese capital from Cochin to Goa in 1530.


Factor least contributing to Portuguese decline in India

Invention of steam engine.


Battle of Diu (1509)
It was a decisive Portuguese naval victory against a combined Gujarat-
Egypt-Zamorin fleet.

, Incorrectly matched pair regarding Vasco da Gama
His first voyage was in 1498, not 1501.


Assertion about Portuguese military fortification
They fortified ports for trade control, but did not promote free access.


Feature not part of early Portuguese policy in India
Religious tolerance toward Muslims.


Goa Inquisition
A tribunal to suppress heresy and conversions.


Portuguese impact on Indian Ocean trade

Militarized and monopolized trade networks.

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