NFDN 2004 Midterm questions with accurate
answers
4 common hormones that influence pregnancy Ans✓✓✓ Estrogen
(growth)
Progesterone (maintenance)
Human placental lactogen (regulates/makes sure glucose is available to
fetus, lowers the sensitivity of maternal cells to the action of insulin)
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) (suppressing the maternal
immune response so that placental tissue is not rejected, sustains the
corpus luteum at the beginning of pregnancy, until placenta takes over at
8 weeks)
4 P's of birth Ans✓✓✓ Passenger - baby
Power - Uterine contractions (also strength that mom exerts during
pushing)
Passageway - Pelvis and birth canal
Psyche - mom's level of confidence and emotional state during
childbirth.
Amniocentesis Ans✓✓✓ the sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow
needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for developmental
abnormalities in a fetus.
Risks - spontaneous abortion, maternal or fetal infection, fetal-maternal
hemorrhage, leakage of amniotic fluid, maternal discomfort after
procedure.
,Amniotomy Ans✓✓✓ Artificial membrane rupture
- allows fetal head to contact cervix directly
- cervix must be <3cms dilated
- Assess amniotic fluid
- risk for cord prolapse
Assessment of mother in stage 2 (pushing) Ans✓✓✓ Prepare for birth -
Ensure delivery supplies are ready, prepare baby warmer
Position for birth - encourage most comfortable position
Effective pushing - Wait for urge to push, push with contraction, rest in
between
Clean perineum frequently
Blood pressure over the trimesters Ans✓✓✓ First trimester - normal BP
Second trimester - BP may decrease due to decrease in peripheral
resistance as circulation is lowered by placentas expanison
Third trimester - normal BP
Braxton Hicks contractions Ans✓✓✓ Irregular, painless uterine
contractions that may occur throughout pregnancy
Cephalic presentation Ans✓✓✓ Head down
, Cesarean birth Ans✓✓✓ the delivery of a baby through a surgical
incision in the mother's abdomen
- Scheduled - fetal presentation, infection that could be passed to fetus
during birth, cephalopelvic disproportion
- Emergent - placenta previa, premature separation of placenta, fetal
distress, failure to progress
Chadwicks sign Ans✓✓✓ Bluish/purplish discoloration of the cervix,
vagina and/or vulva
Communication Ans✓✓✓ Listen - ask how they feel
Do they want to talk about what happened?
Do they have a name?
Try to prepare them for what they might see
Help them hold the baby if they are hesitant
Unwrap the baby slowly, start showing fingers and hands
Danger signs in labor - fetus Ans✓✓✓ -High or low fetal heart rate
-Meconium staining
Indicates fetal distress
Fetus loses bowel control in utero
-Hyperactivity
answers
4 common hormones that influence pregnancy Ans✓✓✓ Estrogen
(growth)
Progesterone (maintenance)
Human placental lactogen (regulates/makes sure glucose is available to
fetus, lowers the sensitivity of maternal cells to the action of insulin)
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) (suppressing the maternal
immune response so that placental tissue is not rejected, sustains the
corpus luteum at the beginning of pregnancy, until placenta takes over at
8 weeks)
4 P's of birth Ans✓✓✓ Passenger - baby
Power - Uterine contractions (also strength that mom exerts during
pushing)
Passageway - Pelvis and birth canal
Psyche - mom's level of confidence and emotional state during
childbirth.
Amniocentesis Ans✓✓✓ the sampling of amniotic fluid using a hollow
needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for developmental
abnormalities in a fetus.
Risks - spontaneous abortion, maternal or fetal infection, fetal-maternal
hemorrhage, leakage of amniotic fluid, maternal discomfort after
procedure.
,Amniotomy Ans✓✓✓ Artificial membrane rupture
- allows fetal head to contact cervix directly
- cervix must be <3cms dilated
- Assess amniotic fluid
- risk for cord prolapse
Assessment of mother in stage 2 (pushing) Ans✓✓✓ Prepare for birth -
Ensure delivery supplies are ready, prepare baby warmer
Position for birth - encourage most comfortable position
Effective pushing - Wait for urge to push, push with contraction, rest in
between
Clean perineum frequently
Blood pressure over the trimesters Ans✓✓✓ First trimester - normal BP
Second trimester - BP may decrease due to decrease in peripheral
resistance as circulation is lowered by placentas expanison
Third trimester - normal BP
Braxton Hicks contractions Ans✓✓✓ Irregular, painless uterine
contractions that may occur throughout pregnancy
Cephalic presentation Ans✓✓✓ Head down
, Cesarean birth Ans✓✓✓ the delivery of a baby through a surgical
incision in the mother's abdomen
- Scheduled - fetal presentation, infection that could be passed to fetus
during birth, cephalopelvic disproportion
- Emergent - placenta previa, premature separation of placenta, fetal
distress, failure to progress
Chadwicks sign Ans✓✓✓ Bluish/purplish discoloration of the cervix,
vagina and/or vulva
Communication Ans✓✓✓ Listen - ask how they feel
Do they want to talk about what happened?
Do they have a name?
Try to prepare them for what they might see
Help them hold the baby if they are hesitant
Unwrap the baby slowly, start showing fingers and hands
Danger signs in labor - fetus Ans✓✓✓ -High or low fetal heart rate
-Meconium staining
Indicates fetal distress
Fetus loses bowel control in utero
-Hyperactivity
