Texas STR Certification Exam with
Questions and Correct Answers 2025
Culturally ,Responsive ,Instructional ,Practices ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-This ,refers
,to ,practices ,that ,recognize ,and ,incorporate ,the ,assets ,and ,strengths ,all
,students ,bring ,to ,the ,classroom ,and ,ensure ,that ,learning ,experiences ,are
,relevant ,to ,all ,students.
Assets-Based ,Teaching ,Approach ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-This ,refers ,to ,viewing
,diversity ,of ,thought, ,culture, ,and ,traits ,as ,a ,positive ,asset ,as ,students ,are
,valued ,for ,what ,they ,bring ,to ,the ,classroom ,rather ,than ,being ,characterized ,by
,what ,they ,are ,lacking.
Phonemes ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,specific ,units ,of ,sounds ,in ,a ,language
,that ,distinguish ,one ,word ,from ,another ,(e.g., ,"b" ,and ,"t"
in ,"bat" ,and ,"tab")
Morphemes ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,smallest ,unit ,of ,meaning ,in ,a ,language
,(e.g., ,"ed" ,changes ,a ,word ,to ,past ,tense)
Decoding ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,ability ,to ,use ,letter-sound ,relationships ,to
,correctly ,sound-out ,and ,pronounce ,written ,words.
Discourse ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Written ,or ,spoken ,communication ,or ,debate
,(e.g., ,talk ,and ,conversation)
Language ,Demands ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,tools ,(vocabulary, ,syntax,
,discourse) ,students ,use ,to ,participate ,in ,the ,content ,they ,are ,learning
Deep ,Orthography ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-This ,phrase ,refers ,to ,a ,spelling
,system ,that ,is ,more ,difficult ,to ,decode ,because ,there ,is ,not ,a ,direct ,correlation
,between ,the ,letters ,and ,sounds ,in ,the ,language.
Shallow ,Orthography ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-This ,phrase ,refers ,to ,a ,spelling
,system ,that ,is ,easier ,to ,decode ,because ,there ,is ,a ,direct ,correlation ,between.
,the ,letters ,and ,sounds ,in ,the ,language.
,Emergent ,Literacy ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,term ,used ,to ,explain ,a ,child's
,knowledge ,of ,reading ,and ,writing ,skills ,before ,they ,learn ,to ,read ,and ,write
,(e.g., ,recognizing ,a ,stop ,sign, ,cereal ,box).
Phonological ,Awareness ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-the ,ability ,to ,hear ,and
,manipulate ,all ,units ,of ,sound ,including ,words, ,syllables, ,onset, ,rimes, ,and
,phonemes ,in ,spoken ,language.
Pragmatics ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,practical ,rules ,that ,guide ,our ,use ,of
,language ,in ,social ,contexts
Morphology ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-the ,study ,of ,the ,structure ,of ,words ,and ,how
,meaningful ,units ,are ,combined ,in ,text ,(e.g., ,prefixes, ,suffixes, ,root ,words).
Transitional ,Bilingual ,Education ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,program ,in ,which ,two
,languages ,are ,used ,to ,provide ,content ,instruction. ,Over ,time, ,use ,of ,the ,native
,language ,is ,decreased ,and ,use ,of ,English ,is ,increased ,until ,only ,English ,is
,used ,for ,instruction.
Sheltered ,Instruction ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-An ,approach ,to ,teaching ,English
,language ,learners ,that ,integrates ,language ,and ,content ,instruction.
BICS ,(Basic ,Interpersonal ,Communication ,Skills) ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
Development ,of ,fluency ,in ,conversations ,- ,social ,language
CALP ,(Cognitive ,Academic ,Language ,Proficiency) ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
Development ,of ,content ,and ,subject ,area ,language.
Comprehensible ,Input ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,part ,of ,a ,language ,that ,is
,understood ,by ,listeners ,when ,learning ,a ,second ,language
Language ,Acquisition ,vs. ,Language ,Learning ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Acquiring
,language ,through ,subconscious ,processes ,vs. ,learning ,a ,language ,through
,direct ,instruction.
Receptive ,Language ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,ability ,to ,understand ,words ,and
,language
Phonology ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,study ,of ,sounds, ,their ,patterns ,and
,meanings ,and ,the ,way ,they ,combine ,to ,form ,words ,and ,language.
Semantics ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,study ,of ,meaning ,in ,words, ,phrases,
,sentences, ,or ,text
, Repetition ,and ,Practice ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,teaching ,strategy ,that ,helps
,bring ,skill ,knowledge ,from ,conscious ,to ,subconscious.
Oral ,Language ,Rehearsal ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,strategy ,that ,gives ,students
,the ,opportunity ,to ,'write ,aloud' ,before ,they ,begin ,a ,written ,language
,assignment; ,provides ,time ,for ,them ,to ,rehearse ,how ,written ,forms ,differ ,from
,spoken ,forms
Language ,Systems ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Interdependent ,structures ,or ,systems
,that ,support ,the ,language ,foundation ,necessary ,for ,reading
Orthographic ,Mapping ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,process ,of ,matching ,letters
,and ,letter ,sequences ,with ,sounds ,in ,a ,word, ,and ,storing ,those ,words ,for
,future ,use; ,necessary ,for ,spelling, ,pronouncing ,words ,correctly, ,and
,developing ,sight ,words ,and ,vocabulary.
Frontal ,Lobe ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Area ,of ,the ,brain ,that ,1) ,supports
,phonological ,processing ,system ,(enables ,us ,to ,pronounce ,and
articulate ,words); ,2) ,controls ,planning ,and ,decision ,making
Temporal ,Lobe ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Area ,of ,the ,brain ,that ,1) ,supports
,phonological ,processing ,(processes ,sound ,and ,connects
printed ,letters ,to ,sounds); ,2) ,connects ,spoken ,words ,with ,meaning
Occipital ,Lobe ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Area ,of ,the ,brain ,responsible ,for ,1)
,recognizing ,print, ,punctuation, ,diacritical ,marks, ,or ,spaces ,in ,print; ,2) ,houses
,the ,Visual ,Word ,Form ,Area ,(VWFA) ,- ,"Brain's ,Letterbox".
Planum ,Temporale ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Area ,of ,the ,brain ,where ,phonological
,and ,orthographic ,processing ,systems ,meet; ,connects ,phonemes ,(sounds) ,with
,graphemes ,(printed ,letters).
Visual ,Word-Form ,Area/Brain's ,Letterbox ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,small ,area ,of
,the ,brain ,that ,visually ,processes ,print ,(the ,curves, ,squiggles, ,and ,lines ,that ,are
,combined ,into ,letter ,shapes)
Four-Part ,Processing ,Model ,for ,Word ,Recognition ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,four-
part ,process ,that ,explains ,how ,children ,recognize ,words
Lexicon ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,brain's ,dictionary ,of ,word ,meanings
Phonological ,Processing ,System ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Supports ,perception,
,memory, ,and ,production ,of ,sounds ,in ,language
Orthographic ,Processing ,System ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Perceives ,and
,processes ,print
Questions and Correct Answers 2025
Culturally ,Responsive ,Instructional ,Practices ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-This ,refers
,to ,practices ,that ,recognize ,and ,incorporate ,the ,assets ,and ,strengths ,all
,students ,bring ,to ,the ,classroom ,and ,ensure ,that ,learning ,experiences ,are
,relevant ,to ,all ,students.
Assets-Based ,Teaching ,Approach ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-This ,refers ,to ,viewing
,diversity ,of ,thought, ,culture, ,and ,traits ,as ,a ,positive ,asset ,as ,students ,are
,valued ,for ,what ,they ,bring ,to ,the ,classroom ,rather ,than ,being ,characterized ,by
,what ,they ,are ,lacking.
Phonemes ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,specific ,units ,of ,sounds ,in ,a ,language
,that ,distinguish ,one ,word ,from ,another ,(e.g., ,"b" ,and ,"t"
in ,"bat" ,and ,"tab")
Morphemes ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,smallest ,unit ,of ,meaning ,in ,a ,language
,(e.g., ,"ed" ,changes ,a ,word ,to ,past ,tense)
Decoding ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,ability ,to ,use ,letter-sound ,relationships ,to
,correctly ,sound-out ,and ,pronounce ,written ,words.
Discourse ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Written ,or ,spoken ,communication ,or ,debate
,(e.g., ,talk ,and ,conversation)
Language ,Demands ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,tools ,(vocabulary, ,syntax,
,discourse) ,students ,use ,to ,participate ,in ,the ,content ,they ,are ,learning
Deep ,Orthography ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-This ,phrase ,refers ,to ,a ,spelling
,system ,that ,is ,more ,difficult ,to ,decode ,because ,there ,is ,not ,a ,direct ,correlation
,between ,the ,letters ,and ,sounds ,in ,the ,language.
Shallow ,Orthography ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-This ,phrase ,refers ,to ,a ,spelling
,system ,that ,is ,easier ,to ,decode ,because ,there ,is ,a ,direct ,correlation ,between.
,the ,letters ,and ,sounds ,in ,the ,language.
,Emergent ,Literacy ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,term ,used ,to ,explain ,a ,child's
,knowledge ,of ,reading ,and ,writing ,skills ,before ,they ,learn ,to ,read ,and ,write
,(e.g., ,recognizing ,a ,stop ,sign, ,cereal ,box).
Phonological ,Awareness ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-the ,ability ,to ,hear ,and
,manipulate ,all ,units ,of ,sound ,including ,words, ,syllables, ,onset, ,rimes, ,and
,phonemes ,in ,spoken ,language.
Pragmatics ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,practical ,rules ,that ,guide ,our ,use ,of
,language ,in ,social ,contexts
Morphology ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-the ,study ,of ,the ,structure ,of ,words ,and ,how
,meaningful ,units ,are ,combined ,in ,text ,(e.g., ,prefixes, ,suffixes, ,root ,words).
Transitional ,Bilingual ,Education ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,program ,in ,which ,two
,languages ,are ,used ,to ,provide ,content ,instruction. ,Over ,time, ,use ,of ,the ,native
,language ,is ,decreased ,and ,use ,of ,English ,is ,increased ,until ,only ,English ,is
,used ,for ,instruction.
Sheltered ,Instruction ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-An ,approach ,to ,teaching ,English
,language ,learners ,that ,integrates ,language ,and ,content ,instruction.
BICS ,(Basic ,Interpersonal ,Communication ,Skills) ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
Development ,of ,fluency ,in ,conversations ,- ,social ,language
CALP ,(Cognitive ,Academic ,Language ,Proficiency) ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
Development ,of ,content ,and ,subject ,area ,language.
Comprehensible ,Input ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,part ,of ,a ,language ,that ,is
,understood ,by ,listeners ,when ,learning ,a ,second ,language
Language ,Acquisition ,vs. ,Language ,Learning ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Acquiring
,language ,through ,subconscious ,processes ,vs. ,learning ,a ,language ,through
,direct ,instruction.
Receptive ,Language ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,ability ,to ,understand ,words ,and
,language
Phonology ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,study ,of ,sounds, ,their ,patterns ,and
,meanings ,and ,the ,way ,they ,combine ,to ,form ,words ,and ,language.
Semantics ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,study ,of ,meaning ,in ,words, ,phrases,
,sentences, ,or ,text
, Repetition ,and ,Practice ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,teaching ,strategy ,that ,helps
,bring ,skill ,knowledge ,from ,conscious ,to ,subconscious.
Oral ,Language ,Rehearsal ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,strategy ,that ,gives ,students
,the ,opportunity ,to ,'write ,aloud' ,before ,they ,begin ,a ,written ,language
,assignment; ,provides ,time ,for ,them ,to ,rehearse ,how ,written ,forms ,differ ,from
,spoken ,forms
Language ,Systems ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Interdependent ,structures ,or ,systems
,that ,support ,the ,language ,foundation ,necessary ,for ,reading
Orthographic ,Mapping ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,process ,of ,matching ,letters
,and ,letter ,sequences ,with ,sounds ,in ,a ,word, ,and ,storing ,those ,words ,for
,future ,use; ,necessary ,for ,spelling, ,pronouncing ,words ,correctly, ,and
,developing ,sight ,words ,and ,vocabulary.
Frontal ,Lobe ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Area ,of ,the ,brain ,that ,1) ,supports
,phonological ,processing ,system ,(enables ,us ,to ,pronounce ,and
articulate ,words); ,2) ,controls ,planning ,and ,decision ,making
Temporal ,Lobe ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Area ,of ,the ,brain ,that ,1) ,supports
,phonological ,processing ,(processes ,sound ,and ,connects
printed ,letters ,to ,sounds); ,2) ,connects ,spoken ,words ,with ,meaning
Occipital ,Lobe ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Area ,of ,the ,brain ,responsible ,for ,1)
,recognizing ,print, ,punctuation, ,diacritical ,marks, ,or ,spaces ,in ,print; ,2) ,houses
,the ,Visual ,Word ,Form ,Area ,(VWFA) ,- ,"Brain's ,Letterbox".
Planum ,Temporale ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Area ,of ,the ,brain ,where ,phonological
,and ,orthographic ,processing ,systems ,meet; ,connects ,phonemes ,(sounds) ,with
,graphemes ,(printed ,letters).
Visual ,Word-Form ,Area/Brain's ,Letterbox ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,small ,area ,of
,the ,brain ,that ,visually ,processes ,print ,(the ,curves, ,squiggles, ,and ,lines ,that ,are
,combined ,into ,letter ,shapes)
Four-Part ,Processing ,Model ,for ,Word ,Recognition ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,four-
part ,process ,that ,explains ,how ,children ,recognize ,words
Lexicon ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-The ,brain's ,dictionary ,of ,word ,meanings
Phonological ,Processing ,System ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Supports ,perception,
,memory, ,and ,production ,of ,sounds ,in ,language
Orthographic ,Processing ,System ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Perceives ,and
,processes ,print
