PATH 1000 MIDTERM 2 Question and
answers verified to pass 2025
Nociceptive Pain - correct answer ✔pain receptors in the PNS being
stimulated by mechanical, thermal or chemical means
Pain Threshold - correct answer ✔lowest intensity of pain that a person
recognizes
Pain Tolerance - correct answer ✔greatest intensity of pain that can be
endured
Acute Pain - correct answer ✔protective mechanism and sudden onset.
Warning of an actual or impending tissue injury
- Presents as increased HR, HTN, diaphoresis and anxiety
Somatic Pain - correct answer ✔occurs in connective tissue, muscle, bone
and skin
Visceral Pain - correct answer ✔pain in internal organs and lining of body
cavities associated with nausea, vomiting and restlessness
Referred Pain - correct answer ✔occurs in an area distant from the point of
region
- Visceral sensory fibers enter the spinal cord along with sensory fibers from
another point in the body → fibers converge → carry signals to the cerebral
cortex
,Persistent Pain (Chronic Pain) - correct answer ✔pain lasting longer than 3
months and may be persistent. Onset can be sudden or develop insidiously
- Leads to physiological adaptation & behavioural and psychological changes
Neuralgia - correct answer ✔pain in the distribution of a nerve
Neuropathic Pain - correct answer ✔pain caused by a lesion or dysfunction
of the nervous system
Phantom Limb Pain - correct answer ✔neuropathic pain from nerve trauma
or disease
- Occurs in patients who had pain prior to amputation
- Cause:
• Hyperactivity of peripheral nerves
• Scar tissue
• Neuroma formation
Myofascial Pain - correct answer ✔pain and inflammation in the fascia that
covers muscles due to injury and spams (chronic condition)
Thermoregulation - correct answer ✔process that allows your body to
maintain its core internal temperature mediated by the hypothalamus and
endocrine system
How does aging affect thermoregulation? - correct answer ✔- Decreased
shivering
,- Slowed BMR
- Decreased sweating
- Slowed blood circulation
- Changes to the skin
- Decreased heat producing activities
Mechanism of Heat Loss - correct answer ✔- Autonomic Nervous system:
• Evaporation & vasodilation
- Relation to environmental temperature:
• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection - transfer liquids/gases through the air from a warmer
environment to a cooler environment
Mechanism of Heat Conservation - correct answer ✔- Vasoconstriction by
sympathetic nervous system
Ex: dressing in layers helps with heat conservation as it traps heat in
Fever - correct answer ✔temporary response to either endogenous or
exogenous pyrogens
- Hypothalamus & Brainstem Cause:
• Increased heat production & conservation
• Peripheral vasoconstriction
• Epinephrine release
, How does fever effect older adults & infants? - correct answer ✔- Older
Adults
• Limited fever response to infection
• May lead to increased morbidity & mortality
- Infants
• Inability to shiver
• High temps can occur in mild infections
• May develop febrile seizures
Hyperthermia - correct answer ✔increased body temperature without
hypothalamus trigger.
- Can lead to nerve damage, convulsions & death
Heat Cramps - correct answer ✔heat illness due to muscle spasms from loss
of large amount of salt and water through exercise
Heat Exhaustion - correct answer ✔result of body overheating
- S/S: dizziness, headache, heat sweating, paleness, muscle cramps
Heat Stroke - correct answer ✔severe heat illness that results in a body
temperature greater than 130°F
- S/S: throbbing headache, unconsciousness, confusion, rapid/strong pulse,
red/hot/dry skin (no sweating)
Hypothermia - correct answer ✔core body temperature falls below 35°C
- Causes:
answers verified to pass 2025
Nociceptive Pain - correct answer ✔pain receptors in the PNS being
stimulated by mechanical, thermal or chemical means
Pain Threshold - correct answer ✔lowest intensity of pain that a person
recognizes
Pain Tolerance - correct answer ✔greatest intensity of pain that can be
endured
Acute Pain - correct answer ✔protective mechanism and sudden onset.
Warning of an actual or impending tissue injury
- Presents as increased HR, HTN, diaphoresis and anxiety
Somatic Pain - correct answer ✔occurs in connective tissue, muscle, bone
and skin
Visceral Pain - correct answer ✔pain in internal organs and lining of body
cavities associated with nausea, vomiting and restlessness
Referred Pain - correct answer ✔occurs in an area distant from the point of
region
- Visceral sensory fibers enter the spinal cord along with sensory fibers from
another point in the body → fibers converge → carry signals to the cerebral
cortex
,Persistent Pain (Chronic Pain) - correct answer ✔pain lasting longer than 3
months and may be persistent. Onset can be sudden or develop insidiously
- Leads to physiological adaptation & behavioural and psychological changes
Neuralgia - correct answer ✔pain in the distribution of a nerve
Neuropathic Pain - correct answer ✔pain caused by a lesion or dysfunction
of the nervous system
Phantom Limb Pain - correct answer ✔neuropathic pain from nerve trauma
or disease
- Occurs in patients who had pain prior to amputation
- Cause:
• Hyperactivity of peripheral nerves
• Scar tissue
• Neuroma formation
Myofascial Pain - correct answer ✔pain and inflammation in the fascia that
covers muscles due to injury and spams (chronic condition)
Thermoregulation - correct answer ✔process that allows your body to
maintain its core internal temperature mediated by the hypothalamus and
endocrine system
How does aging affect thermoregulation? - correct answer ✔- Decreased
shivering
,- Slowed BMR
- Decreased sweating
- Slowed blood circulation
- Changes to the skin
- Decreased heat producing activities
Mechanism of Heat Loss - correct answer ✔- Autonomic Nervous system:
• Evaporation & vasodilation
- Relation to environmental temperature:
• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection - transfer liquids/gases through the air from a warmer
environment to a cooler environment
Mechanism of Heat Conservation - correct answer ✔- Vasoconstriction by
sympathetic nervous system
Ex: dressing in layers helps with heat conservation as it traps heat in
Fever - correct answer ✔temporary response to either endogenous or
exogenous pyrogens
- Hypothalamus & Brainstem Cause:
• Increased heat production & conservation
• Peripheral vasoconstriction
• Epinephrine release
, How does fever effect older adults & infants? - correct answer ✔- Older
Adults
• Limited fever response to infection
• May lead to increased morbidity & mortality
- Infants
• Inability to shiver
• High temps can occur in mild infections
• May develop febrile seizures
Hyperthermia - correct answer ✔increased body temperature without
hypothalamus trigger.
- Can lead to nerve damage, convulsions & death
Heat Cramps - correct answer ✔heat illness due to muscle spasms from loss
of large amount of salt and water through exercise
Heat Exhaustion - correct answer ✔result of body overheating
- S/S: dizziness, headache, heat sweating, paleness, muscle cramps
Heat Stroke - correct answer ✔severe heat illness that results in a body
temperature greater than 130°F
- S/S: throbbing headache, unconsciousness, confusion, rapid/strong pulse,
red/hot/dry skin (no sweating)
Hypothermia - correct answer ✔core body temperature falls below 35°C
- Causes:
