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ECG CPO Exam 2025 Brand New Actual
Exam With Answer
What is the pattern of blood flow through the heart? - correct -answer-Right
atrium - Tricuspid valve - Right Ventricle - Pulmonic Valve - Pulmonary Arteries - To
the Lungs - Pulmonary Veins - Left atrium - Mitral Valve - Left ventricle - Aortic
valve - Aorta
What is the atrial kick? - correct -answer-This is atrial systole - The atrial kick
delivers 20-30% of the blood volume from the atria to the ventricles. The atria is
contracting in response to the SA node
What is the pericardial cavity? - correct -answer-Between the parietal and visceral
layers of the heart is a potential space. It contains serious fluid (pericardial fluid)
which reduces friction.
What is the epicardium? - correct -answer-It is the outer surface of the heart or
inner serous layer of the pericardial asc
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What is the myocardium? - correct -answer-It is the middle layer of the heart and
it is the muscular layer
What is the endocardium? - correct -answer-It is the inside layer that is nice and
smooth. It helps the blood to flow smoothly.
What are the five unique properties of myocardial tissue? - correct -answer-1)
Automaticity
2) Rhythmicity
3) Conductivity
4) Contractility
5) Excitability
What does 'automaticity' of cardiac cells refer to? - correct -answer-It refers to
their ability to initiate an impulse without an external source of stimulation
It works without your brain instructing it to
How is the action potential generated? - correct -answer-Phase 4: Resting
membrane potential. Inside the cell is a high concentration of K+. In this stage, K+
gates open and it starts to leak out.
Phase 0: Depolarization phase. Na+ enters the cell via fast sodium channels -
making the inside of the cell positive. K+ gates close.
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Phase 1: Early repolarization - fast sodium channels close
Phase 2: Plateau phase - calcium moves into the cell, causing the cardiac
contraction along with the sodium. The influx helps to maintain the positive
charge over this time period.
Phase 3: Repolarization - K+ moves into the cell via the pump and the RMP is re-
established
What does the 'rhythmicity' of the cardiac cells refer to - correct -answer-It means
that impulses are formed at regular intervals. The sodium and potassium move at
regular rates and then the cycle is repeated - its regular
What does the 'conductivity' of the cardiac cells refer to? - correct -answer-
Electrical impulses travel quickly through the heart. Intercalated discs contain gap
junctions that speed up the conduction.
What are the causes of sinus tachycardia? - correct -answer-Hypovolemia
Fever, anemia, pain, anxiety, hypoxia (emotional and physical stress),
Hypotension
Adrenergic meds and stimulants
Acute MI
How do you treat sinus tach? - correct -answer-Treat the cause
ECG CPO Exam 2025 Brand New Actual
Exam With Answer
What is the pattern of blood flow through the heart? - correct -answer-Right
atrium - Tricuspid valve - Right Ventricle - Pulmonic Valve - Pulmonary Arteries - To
the Lungs - Pulmonary Veins - Left atrium - Mitral Valve - Left ventricle - Aortic
valve - Aorta
What is the atrial kick? - correct -answer-This is atrial systole - The atrial kick
delivers 20-30% of the blood volume from the atria to the ventricles. The atria is
contracting in response to the SA node
What is the pericardial cavity? - correct -answer-Between the parietal and visceral
layers of the heart is a potential space. It contains serious fluid (pericardial fluid)
which reduces friction.
What is the epicardium? - correct -answer-It is the outer surface of the heart or
inner serous layer of the pericardial asc
,2|Page
What is the myocardium? - correct -answer-It is the middle layer of the heart and
it is the muscular layer
What is the endocardium? - correct -answer-It is the inside layer that is nice and
smooth. It helps the blood to flow smoothly.
What are the five unique properties of myocardial tissue? - correct -answer-1)
Automaticity
2) Rhythmicity
3) Conductivity
4) Contractility
5) Excitability
What does 'automaticity' of cardiac cells refer to? - correct -answer-It refers to
their ability to initiate an impulse without an external source of stimulation
It works without your brain instructing it to
How is the action potential generated? - correct -answer-Phase 4: Resting
membrane potential. Inside the cell is a high concentration of K+. In this stage, K+
gates open and it starts to leak out.
Phase 0: Depolarization phase. Na+ enters the cell via fast sodium channels -
making the inside of the cell positive. K+ gates close.
, 3|Page
Phase 1: Early repolarization - fast sodium channels close
Phase 2: Plateau phase - calcium moves into the cell, causing the cardiac
contraction along with the sodium. The influx helps to maintain the positive
charge over this time period.
Phase 3: Repolarization - K+ moves into the cell via the pump and the RMP is re-
established
What does the 'rhythmicity' of the cardiac cells refer to - correct -answer-It means
that impulses are formed at regular intervals. The sodium and potassium move at
regular rates and then the cycle is repeated - its regular
What does the 'conductivity' of the cardiac cells refer to? - correct -answer-
Electrical impulses travel quickly through the heart. Intercalated discs contain gap
junctions that speed up the conduction.
What are the causes of sinus tachycardia? - correct -answer-Hypovolemia
Fever, anemia, pain, anxiety, hypoxia (emotional and physical stress),
Hypotension
Adrenergic meds and stimulants
Acute MI
How do you treat sinus tach? - correct -answer-Treat the cause
