Kettering Patient Assessment -A
A patient is admitted to the ER with noted weight gain and SOB. Upon further evaluation
the patient was found to have an electrolyte imbalance, increased hemodynamic
pressures, and decreased lung compliance what is the most likely cause of the patients
symptom? - CORRECT ANSWER-fluid retention exceeding fluid output
What can changes in central venous pressure indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER-
changes in fluid balance
Normal central venous pressure or CVP is? - CORRECT ANSWER-2-6 mmHg
A patient admitted to the ER presents with hypovolemia what should the therapist
recommend? - CORRECT ANSWER-fluid therapy
An evaluation of a patient's central venous pressure (CVP) determined the patient's
CVP to be 2 mmHg which indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER-hypovolemia
An evaluation of a patient's central venous pressure (CVP) determined the patient's
CVP to be 6 mmHg which indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypervolemia
A patient admitted to the ER presents with hypervolemia what should the therapist
recommend? - CORRECT ANSWER-diuretics
A patient who only responds to painful stimuli is described as? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Semicomatose
A patient is described as lethargic, somnolent, or sleepy the therapist should consider? -
CORRECT ANSWER-sleep apnea or excessive O2 therapy in patients with COPD
A patient who responds inappropriately, drug overdose, or intoxicated is described as? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Stuporous or confused
A patient who does not respond to painful stimuli is described as? - CORRECT
ANSWER-comatose
A patient who is in a drowsy state and a decreased cough or gag reflex is said to be? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Obtunded
A patient complains of SOB while laying down what is the most likely cause? -
CORRECT ANSWER-CHF
,Orthopnea is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-difficulty breathing except in the
upright position
A patient presents to the ER feeling run down, nauseous, weak, fatigued, and with a
headache is described as having? - CORRECT ANSWER-general malaise
Dyspnea is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-a feeling of SOB and difficulty
breathing.
A patient present to the ER with dyspnea while slowly walking short distances. What
grade of dyspnea does the patient have - CORRECT ANSWER-4
Dyspnea grade 1 is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-dyspnea occurring after
unusual exertion
A patient has dyspnea while at rest, shaving, dressing, etc. The patient has grade ___
dyspnea? - CORRECT ANSWER-5
Grade 2 dyspnea is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-breathless after going up hills
or stairs
Grade 3 dyspnea is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-dyspnea while walking at
normal speed
Katz scoring system is used to evaluate what? - CORRECT ANSWER-Activities of daily
living
Peripheral edema is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Presence of excessive fluid in
the tissue known as pitting edema
Peripheral edema is most commonly caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER-CHF and renal
failure
The most common therapy for peripheral edema is? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diuretics
Name two diuretics that can be given to a patient with edema? - CORRECT ANSWER-
furosemide, lasix
Ascites is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
A patient presents to the ER with ascites the doctor ask the therapist what is the
underlying problem is? - CORRECT ANSWER-Liver failure
Upon assessment by inspection the therapist notes the presence of digital clubbing
which is caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic hypoxemia
,Upon assessment by inspection the therapist notes the presence of digital clubbing
which suggest the presence of what kind of disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Pulmonary disease
Venous distention or JVD is typically seen in patient with what kind of disease? -
CORRECT ANSWER-CHF
A patient presents to the ER with SOB and upon closer inspection the therapist notes
JVD during exhalation only. What should the therapist assume is the underlying
problem is? - CORRECT ANSWER-Obstructive lung disease
A patient has noted diaphoresis related to heart failure what kind of medications should
the therapist recommend? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diuretics and positive inotropic
agents
A patient has noted diaphores with a fever. what kind of medications should the
therapist recommend? - CORRECT ANSWER-Antibiotics
Diaphoresis is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-A state of heavy sweating
Night sweats suggest the presence of? - CORRECT ANSWER-Tuberculosis
A patient whose skin color is described as ashen or pallor most likely suffers from? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Anemia or acute blood loss
Changes in a patients skin color to ashen or pallor is caused by what physiological
respond to anemia or acute blood loss? - CORRECT ANSWER-Vasoconstriction will
cause color change by reducing boold flow
Pectus excavatum is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Depression of part of the
strenum
Kyphosis is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Convex curvature of the spine
Abnormal chest configuration is a ______________ respiratory disease and diminishes
the patient ability to ___________. - CORRECT ANSWER-Restrictive, ventilate.
Pectus carinatum is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Anterior protrusion of the
strenum
Scoliosis is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lateral curvature of the spine
Kyphoscoliosis results in what kind of respiratory pattern? And results in? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Restrictive, reduced lung volumes
Barrel chest is caused by what pulmonary disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-COPD
, Barrel chest in COPD patients is caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER-Air trapping
A patient is described as having an increased A-P diameter is said to have? -
CORRECT ANSWER-A barrel chest
A respiratory therapist examines a patients and notes that the patients abdomen moves
out during inspiration and the thorax moves outward and upward what should the
therapist do? - CORRECT ANSWER-nothing because the patient is breathing normally.
The patient has unequal (asymmetrical) chest movement what are the 5 possible
causes? - CORRECT ANSWER-post lung resection (post-pneumonectomy),
atelectasis, pneumothorax, flail chest (paradoxical chest movement), endotracheal tube
inserted in right or left mainstream bronchi.
Hyperpnea is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-increased RR, increased depth, and
regular rhythm
What disorders are associated with hyperpnea? (2) - CORRECT ANSWER-Metabolic
disorder and CNS disorder
A patient breathing pattern is described as gradually increasing then decreasing rate
and depth in a cycle lasting from 30-180 seconds, with periods of apnea of lasting up to
60 seconds what is it called? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cheyenne-stokes
What are the underlying causes of cheyne-stokes? (3) - CORRECT ANSWER-
increased intracranial pressure, brainstem injury, and drug overdose.
Increased respiratory rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea. Each breath has
the same depth is known as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Biots
Biots is caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER-CNS problem
Increased respiratory rate (usually over 20 breaths/min) increased depth, irregular
rhythm, and labored breath sounds is known as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Kussmaul's
breathing
Kussmaul's is caused by? (3) - CORRECT ANSWER-metabolic acidosis, renal failure,
and diabetic ketoacidosis
Prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short, insufficient expiration is
known as? - CORRECT ANSWER-apneustic breathing
Tachypnea is caused by? (4) - CORRECT ANSWER-hypoxia, fever, pain, CNS problem
A patient is admitted to the ER with noted weight gain and SOB. Upon further evaluation
the patient was found to have an electrolyte imbalance, increased hemodynamic
pressures, and decreased lung compliance what is the most likely cause of the patients
symptom? - CORRECT ANSWER-fluid retention exceeding fluid output
What can changes in central venous pressure indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER-
changes in fluid balance
Normal central venous pressure or CVP is? - CORRECT ANSWER-2-6 mmHg
A patient admitted to the ER presents with hypovolemia what should the therapist
recommend? - CORRECT ANSWER-fluid therapy
An evaluation of a patient's central venous pressure (CVP) determined the patient's
CVP to be 2 mmHg which indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER-hypovolemia
An evaluation of a patient's central venous pressure (CVP) determined the patient's
CVP to be 6 mmHg which indicates? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypervolemia
A patient admitted to the ER presents with hypervolemia what should the therapist
recommend? - CORRECT ANSWER-diuretics
A patient who only responds to painful stimuli is described as? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Semicomatose
A patient is described as lethargic, somnolent, or sleepy the therapist should consider? -
CORRECT ANSWER-sleep apnea or excessive O2 therapy in patients with COPD
A patient who responds inappropriately, drug overdose, or intoxicated is described as? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Stuporous or confused
A patient who does not respond to painful stimuli is described as? - CORRECT
ANSWER-comatose
A patient who is in a drowsy state and a decreased cough or gag reflex is said to be? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Obtunded
A patient complains of SOB while laying down what is the most likely cause? -
CORRECT ANSWER-CHF
,Orthopnea is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-difficulty breathing except in the
upright position
A patient presents to the ER feeling run down, nauseous, weak, fatigued, and with a
headache is described as having? - CORRECT ANSWER-general malaise
Dyspnea is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-a feeling of SOB and difficulty
breathing.
A patient present to the ER with dyspnea while slowly walking short distances. What
grade of dyspnea does the patient have - CORRECT ANSWER-4
Dyspnea grade 1 is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-dyspnea occurring after
unusual exertion
A patient has dyspnea while at rest, shaving, dressing, etc. The patient has grade ___
dyspnea? - CORRECT ANSWER-5
Grade 2 dyspnea is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-breathless after going up hills
or stairs
Grade 3 dyspnea is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-dyspnea while walking at
normal speed
Katz scoring system is used to evaluate what? - CORRECT ANSWER-Activities of daily
living
Peripheral edema is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Presence of excessive fluid in
the tissue known as pitting edema
Peripheral edema is most commonly caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER-CHF and renal
failure
The most common therapy for peripheral edema is? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diuretics
Name two diuretics that can be given to a patient with edema? - CORRECT ANSWER-
furosemide, lasix
Ascites is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
A patient presents to the ER with ascites the doctor ask the therapist what is the
underlying problem is? - CORRECT ANSWER-Liver failure
Upon assessment by inspection the therapist notes the presence of digital clubbing
which is caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronic hypoxemia
,Upon assessment by inspection the therapist notes the presence of digital clubbing
which suggest the presence of what kind of disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Pulmonary disease
Venous distention or JVD is typically seen in patient with what kind of disease? -
CORRECT ANSWER-CHF
A patient presents to the ER with SOB and upon closer inspection the therapist notes
JVD during exhalation only. What should the therapist assume is the underlying
problem is? - CORRECT ANSWER-Obstructive lung disease
A patient has noted diaphoresis related to heart failure what kind of medications should
the therapist recommend? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diuretics and positive inotropic
agents
A patient has noted diaphores with a fever. what kind of medications should the
therapist recommend? - CORRECT ANSWER-Antibiotics
Diaphoresis is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-A state of heavy sweating
Night sweats suggest the presence of? - CORRECT ANSWER-Tuberculosis
A patient whose skin color is described as ashen or pallor most likely suffers from? -
CORRECT ANSWER-Anemia or acute blood loss
Changes in a patients skin color to ashen or pallor is caused by what physiological
respond to anemia or acute blood loss? - CORRECT ANSWER-Vasoconstriction will
cause color change by reducing boold flow
Pectus excavatum is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Depression of part of the
strenum
Kyphosis is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Convex curvature of the spine
Abnormal chest configuration is a ______________ respiratory disease and diminishes
the patient ability to ___________. - CORRECT ANSWER-Restrictive, ventilate.
Pectus carinatum is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Anterior protrusion of the
strenum
Scoliosis is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lateral curvature of the spine
Kyphoscoliosis results in what kind of respiratory pattern? And results in? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Restrictive, reduced lung volumes
Barrel chest is caused by what pulmonary disease? - CORRECT ANSWER-COPD
, Barrel chest in COPD patients is caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER-Air trapping
A patient is described as having an increased A-P diameter is said to have? -
CORRECT ANSWER-A barrel chest
A respiratory therapist examines a patients and notes that the patients abdomen moves
out during inspiration and the thorax moves outward and upward what should the
therapist do? - CORRECT ANSWER-nothing because the patient is breathing normally.
The patient has unequal (asymmetrical) chest movement what are the 5 possible
causes? - CORRECT ANSWER-post lung resection (post-pneumonectomy),
atelectasis, pneumothorax, flail chest (paradoxical chest movement), endotracheal tube
inserted in right or left mainstream bronchi.
Hyperpnea is defined as? - CORRECT ANSWER-increased RR, increased depth, and
regular rhythm
What disorders are associated with hyperpnea? (2) - CORRECT ANSWER-Metabolic
disorder and CNS disorder
A patient breathing pattern is described as gradually increasing then decreasing rate
and depth in a cycle lasting from 30-180 seconds, with periods of apnea of lasting up to
60 seconds what is it called? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cheyenne-stokes
What are the underlying causes of cheyne-stokes? (3) - CORRECT ANSWER-
increased intracranial pressure, brainstem injury, and drug overdose.
Increased respiratory rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea. Each breath has
the same depth is known as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Biots
Biots is caused by? - CORRECT ANSWER-CNS problem
Increased respiratory rate (usually over 20 breaths/min) increased depth, irregular
rhythm, and labored breath sounds is known as? - CORRECT ANSWER-Kussmaul's
breathing
Kussmaul's is caused by? (3) - CORRECT ANSWER-metabolic acidosis, renal failure,
and diabetic ketoacidosis
Prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short, insufficient expiration is
known as? - CORRECT ANSWER-apneustic breathing
Tachypnea is caused by? (4) - CORRECT ANSWER-hypoxia, fever, pain, CNS problem
