SOP 3004 exam 2 questions with
verified answers
social cognition - correct answer ✔✔study of how people select, interpret, + use info to make
judgments about the social world
Kelley (1950) - correct answer ✔✔- group 1: sub will be warm and friendly
- group 2: sub will be cold and distant
- group 1 formed more favorable impressions of the sub than group 2
- key takeaway: knowledge influences peoples interpretations
"Rather cold" vs. "warm"; "warm", students formed a better impression; "rather cold", not as
highly of an impression
study proved that people's preconceptions influence their interpretations and impressions
Castorf and Cantril study social congition - correct answer ✔✔Data shows there's no such
'thing' as a 'game' existing 'out there' in its own right which people merely 'observe'. The game
'exists' for a person and is experienced by him only insofar as certain happenings have
significance in terms of his purpose
We don't passively observe an objective reality; our minds make sense of reality in a way that
serves our goals / motives
schema - correct answer ✔✔collection of related beliefs used to organize knowledge about the
world
,Script - correct answer ✔✔schemas about events
ex. frat party v. cocktail party
we can have schemas about: - correct answer ✔✔events
roles
others (stereotypes)
ourselves
What do Schemas Do? - correct answer ✔✔- Help us understand and respond to our (social)
world
- Help us understand new situations quickly
- Tell us what to expect + how to prepare
- Help us remember information
Cohen (1981)
- Help us interpret ambiguous information
Kelley (1950)
Schemas can distort what we see - correct answer ✔✔Schemas can cause interpretations of
ambiguous information that can lead to faulty conclusions
- Hastorf and Cantril (1954)
Primacy effect
-Jones et al (1968)
People fill gaps with schema-consistent information
-Carli, 1999
Primacy effect - correct answer ✔✔our 1st impressions of a person make us interpret
subsequent information as consistent with those impressions
, Schemas are self-fulfilling - correct answer ✔✔Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968)
Consider implications of stereotypes
Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) - correct answer ✔✔Tricked teachers into believing that one set
of children were about to blossom forth intellectually during the current school year; children
made significant IQ gains
-some studies support Pygmalion effect and other do not; implications for ethnic minority and
low-income families
Schemas are very stable and resistant to change - correct answer ✔✔- We attend to + retrieve
info that's consistent with our schemas
- We interpret info in ways that make our schemas look true
- We make our schemas come true
- We justify + support our schemas
-Belief perserverance
belief perseverance - correct answer ✔✔persistence of one's perceptions, even when the basis
for the perceptions is discredited
Although schemas help us interpret our social world, they're also the reason we all make
________ errors - correct answer ✔✔judgment
Controlled thinking - correct answer ✔✔thinking involving purposeful, intentional, and effortful
reasoning focused toward an end goal (judgement, decision)
-Deliberate social inference
-Attributions
-Only humans do this; reasoning process; we can reflect
verified answers
social cognition - correct answer ✔✔study of how people select, interpret, + use info to make
judgments about the social world
Kelley (1950) - correct answer ✔✔- group 1: sub will be warm and friendly
- group 2: sub will be cold and distant
- group 1 formed more favorable impressions of the sub than group 2
- key takeaway: knowledge influences peoples interpretations
"Rather cold" vs. "warm"; "warm", students formed a better impression; "rather cold", not as
highly of an impression
study proved that people's preconceptions influence their interpretations and impressions
Castorf and Cantril study social congition - correct answer ✔✔Data shows there's no such
'thing' as a 'game' existing 'out there' in its own right which people merely 'observe'. The game
'exists' for a person and is experienced by him only insofar as certain happenings have
significance in terms of his purpose
We don't passively observe an objective reality; our minds make sense of reality in a way that
serves our goals / motives
schema - correct answer ✔✔collection of related beliefs used to organize knowledge about the
world
,Script - correct answer ✔✔schemas about events
ex. frat party v. cocktail party
we can have schemas about: - correct answer ✔✔events
roles
others (stereotypes)
ourselves
What do Schemas Do? - correct answer ✔✔- Help us understand and respond to our (social)
world
- Help us understand new situations quickly
- Tell us what to expect + how to prepare
- Help us remember information
Cohen (1981)
- Help us interpret ambiguous information
Kelley (1950)
Schemas can distort what we see - correct answer ✔✔Schemas can cause interpretations of
ambiguous information that can lead to faulty conclusions
- Hastorf and Cantril (1954)
Primacy effect
-Jones et al (1968)
People fill gaps with schema-consistent information
-Carli, 1999
Primacy effect - correct answer ✔✔our 1st impressions of a person make us interpret
subsequent information as consistent with those impressions
, Schemas are self-fulfilling - correct answer ✔✔Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968)
Consider implications of stereotypes
Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968) - correct answer ✔✔Tricked teachers into believing that one set
of children were about to blossom forth intellectually during the current school year; children
made significant IQ gains
-some studies support Pygmalion effect and other do not; implications for ethnic minority and
low-income families
Schemas are very stable and resistant to change - correct answer ✔✔- We attend to + retrieve
info that's consistent with our schemas
- We interpret info in ways that make our schemas look true
- We make our schemas come true
- We justify + support our schemas
-Belief perserverance
belief perseverance - correct answer ✔✔persistence of one's perceptions, even when the basis
for the perceptions is discredited
Although schemas help us interpret our social world, they're also the reason we all make
________ errors - correct answer ✔✔judgment
Controlled thinking - correct answer ✔✔thinking involving purposeful, intentional, and effortful
reasoning focused toward an end goal (judgement, decision)
-Deliberate social inference
-Attributions
-Only humans do this; reasoning process; we can reflect
