Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2025-2026
Edition.
1. present value calculation: key formula: - Answer PV = FV/(1+i)n
2. value of a perpetuity: key formula: - Answer PVperpetuity = CF/i
3. value of a firm (before and after dividend) - Answer Before: PVfirm = π0(1 + i)/(i - g)
After: PVfirm = π0(1 + i)/(i - g) - π
4. (3) influences on present value - Answer 1. time (longer time = lower PV)
2. profit (higher profit = higher PV)
3. interest (higher interest = lower PV)
5. influences on demand - Answer 1. Change in income (normal good=increase, inferior
good=decrease)
2. Change in price of substitute(higher substitute price=increase)
Price of complement (higher complement price=decrease)
3. Change in consumer taste/preference (positive change=increase)
4. Change in # of Consumers (more=increase)
5. Change in Expected Price (Higher later=increase)
6. Change in Expected Income (Higher income=increase)
6. influences on supply - Answer 1. Change in Input Costs (lower cost = increase)