Pathophysiology Exam 5 2025 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
PROFESSOR VERIFIED
1. ______ cells form tight junctions that act as physical barriers to entry of
organisms: Epithelial
2. A _______ factor is a biochemical substance that attracts leukocytes to
the site of inflammation.: Chemotactic
3. ______ is a plasma enzyme that removes a terminal arginine on both
peptides.: carboxypeptidace
4. ______ is an insoluble protein that is the end product of the coagulation
cascade.: fibrin
5. An ______ tags pathogenic molecules for destruction.: opsonin
6. Mast cells release _____ that causes ______ and slowed circulation in
nearby vessels, as well as a change in cell shape. This change in cell
shape causes fluid to leak from blood into the tissues, thereby causing
swelling.: histamine; inflammation
7. Mast cells are found in loose connective tissue close to blood vessels and
are involved in initiating many ______ reactions.: allergic
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, .
8. _______ act like histamine and cause smooth muscle contraction,
increased vascular permeability, and chemotaxis.: leukotrienes
9. _______ cause increased vascular permeability, chemotaxis, and pain.:
prostaglandins
10. _____ molecules increase the stickiness between cells.: adhesion
11. ______ are cells that ingest and dispose of foreign material.: phagocytes
12. ______ are the predominant early phagocytes. They arrive before
lymphocytes and macrophages and contain granules.: neutrophils
13. _____ are the largest blood cells.: monocytes
14. _____ get to inflammatory site first.: neutrophils
15. ______ are biochemical messengers produced by macrophages and
lymphocytes in response to a pathogen.: interleukins (IL)
16. _____ protect against viral infections.: interferon (IFN)
17. ______ induce leukocyte chemotaxis.: chemokines
18. _______ induces a multitude of proinflammatory effects, including the
enhancement of endothelial cell adhesion.: tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
19. Tumor ____ factor - alpha is secreted by macrophages when Toll-like
receptors recognize foreign materials or by mast cells. They are _____
molecules that increase adherence of neutrophils, induce the chemokine
production, cause fever, increase synthesis of inflammation-related
serum proteins by the liver, and cause muscle wasting: necrosis;
proinflammatory
20. ____ causes fever and phagocyte and lymphocyte activation and acts as
a growth factor.: IL-1
21 ____ acts to induce hepatocytes to produce proteins needed in
inflammation.: IL-6
22. _____ protect against viral infections.: interferons
23. Resistance is a means by which the body may avoid being infected, but it
is not a natural barrier. The four natural barriers are?: 1) physical 2)
mechanical
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CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
PROFESSOR VERIFIED
1. ______ cells form tight junctions that act as physical barriers to entry of
organisms: Epithelial
2. A _______ factor is a biochemical substance that attracts leukocytes to
the site of inflammation.: Chemotactic
3. ______ is a plasma enzyme that removes a terminal arginine on both
peptides.: carboxypeptidace
4. ______ is an insoluble protein that is the end product of the coagulation
cascade.: fibrin
5. An ______ tags pathogenic molecules for destruction.: opsonin
6. Mast cells release _____ that causes ______ and slowed circulation in
nearby vessels, as well as a change in cell shape. This change in cell
shape causes fluid to leak from blood into the tissues, thereby causing
swelling.: histamine; inflammation
7. Mast cells are found in loose connective tissue close to blood vessels and
are involved in initiating many ______ reactions.: allergic
1/8
, .
8. _______ act like histamine and cause smooth muscle contraction,
increased vascular permeability, and chemotaxis.: leukotrienes
9. _______ cause increased vascular permeability, chemotaxis, and pain.:
prostaglandins
10. _____ molecules increase the stickiness between cells.: adhesion
11. ______ are cells that ingest and dispose of foreign material.: phagocytes
12. ______ are the predominant early phagocytes. They arrive before
lymphocytes and macrophages and contain granules.: neutrophils
13. _____ are the largest blood cells.: monocytes
14. _____ get to inflammatory site first.: neutrophils
15. ______ are biochemical messengers produced by macrophages and
lymphocytes in response to a pathogen.: interleukins (IL)
16. _____ protect against viral infections.: interferon (IFN)
17. ______ induce leukocyte chemotaxis.: chemokines
18. _______ induces a multitude of proinflammatory effects, including the
enhancement of endothelial cell adhesion.: tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
19. Tumor ____ factor - alpha is secreted by macrophages when Toll-like
receptors recognize foreign materials or by mast cells. They are _____
molecules that increase adherence of neutrophils, induce the chemokine
production, cause fever, increase synthesis of inflammation-related
serum proteins by the liver, and cause muscle wasting: necrosis;
proinflammatory
20. ____ causes fever and phagocyte and lymphocyte activation and acts as
a growth factor.: IL-1
21 ____ acts to induce hepatocytes to produce proteins needed in
inflammation.: IL-6
22. _____ protect against viral infections.: interferons
23. Resistance is a means by which the body may avoid being infected, but it
is not a natural barrier. The four natural barriers are?: 1) physical 2)
mechanical
2/8
