Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK PATHOPHYSIOLOGY THE BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR DISEASE IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN 8TH EDITION MCCANCE, HUETHER

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK

Chapter1:CellularBiology
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MULTIPLE CHOICE o




1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
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ANS: C
In metabolicabsorption, all cellstakein and usenutrients and other substances from
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theirsurroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular
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metabolic absorption.
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2. Most of acell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most
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of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its
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activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.
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3. Which component of the cell prodNu Uc eRsS IhNyGd Tr oBg. Ce nO M
o peroxide (H2O2) byusing o o o o o o o o o o o o




oxygento remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
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reaction?
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a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove
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hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which
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is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from
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peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized
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in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called
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nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi
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complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze
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bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
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Oxyhydrosomesareinvolved in enzyme production. o o o o




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4. Which cell component iscapable of cellular autodigestion when it isreleased during
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cellinjury?
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a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum o o




ANS:




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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
b. Golgi complex
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ANS:




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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK

The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
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enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
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cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury
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leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
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substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe
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thisprocess.
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5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
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pancreascells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
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theribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the
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cell membrane.o o




b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the
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cellmembrane. o




c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell
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membrane. o




d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell
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membrane. o




ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosomefor
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synthesis, and is transported in a secretoryvesicle to the cell membrane. The other options
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do not correctly describe this process.
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6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
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period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase(S
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= synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during
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which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA
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synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and
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cytoplasmic division.
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7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
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o asreceptors, transport channels forelectrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
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a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C




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Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in andout
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of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles called
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ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and
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(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certainions,
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particularly potassium(K+), within thecell whilekeeping concentrations of otherions, for
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example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the extracellular environment.
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The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated o o o o o o o o o




apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
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whichhuman diseases?
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a. Cardiac and vascular disorders o o o




b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders o o o




c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders o o o




d. Endocrineand gastrointestinal disorders o o o




ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug o o o o o o o o o o o o




interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human
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diseases,including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other
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options donot correctly describe this process.
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9. Whichstructurepreventswater-soluble molecules from entering cells across theplasma
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membrane?
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a. Carbohydrate chains o c. Membrane channel proteins o o




b. Glycoprotein channels o d. Lipid bilayer o




ANS: D
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma membrane. It
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is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve inwater) because
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the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oilycore region. The bilayer serves as a
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barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while allowing lipid-soluble
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molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to diffuse through it readily. The
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other options do not correctly describe this process.
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10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
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a. How a cell membrane functions o o o o




b. Why our bodies appear to be solid o o o o o o




c. Howtissue is differentiated o o o




d. Howfluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
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ANS: A
Thefluid mosaic model accounts forthe flexibility of cellularmembranes, their
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self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The
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remainingoptions do not explain the mosaic model.
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