FLUID & ELECTROLYTES FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS RECENT VERSION

FLUID & ELECTROLYTES FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS RECENT VERSION 1. Maintins your right balance which is also termed your homeostasis - ANSWER Fluid and Electrolytes 2. The body is approximately what percent of water? - ANSWER 60% 3. Composed and absorbs water - ANSWER Lean Tissue 4. Free of water - ANSWER Fat Tissue 5. Main components of body fluid - ANSWER intracellular fluid extracellular fluid 6. -Found inside the cell -composed of 2/3 or your body surface water - ANSWER intracellular fluid 7. Main electrolyte of intracellular fluid - ANSWER Potassium Magnesium 8. -Fluid outside the cell - composed of 1/3 of your body surface water - ANSWER Extracellular Fluid 9. Function of Intravascular Fluid - ANSWER -transport RBC - maintain nutrients & hormone - transport waste product 10. Found outside the blood vessel - ANSWER intersticial fluid 11. Main electrolytes of Extracellular fluid - ANSWER sodium chloride Bicarbonate 12. Factors contributing to depletion of Fluid & Electrolytes - ANSWER Vomiting urination defecation sweating 13. Normal Value of urine in 24hrs - ANSWER 1,400-1,500 mL/24hrs 14. Movement of fluid an area of low concentration to high concentration - ANSWER Osmosis 15. Movement of fluid from an area of low to high concentration - ANSWER Diffusion 16. Water moves to a semipermeable membrane which likely due to osmosis - ANSWER Osmotic pressure 17. stop the force of the flow of your water into a solution with higher solute concentration - ANSWER oncotic pressure 18. Process where fluid and small solute move across a membrane - ANSWER Filtration 19. Movement of tour substance across a concentration gradient - ANSWER Active transport 20. Major extracellular cation - ANSWER Sodium 21. Major intracellular cation - ANSWER Potassium 22. -involve muscle contraction and clotting -maintain your bone structure - ANSWER Calcium 23. Used in enzyme function and neuromuscular activity - ANSWER Magnesium 24. Major extracellular anion - ANSWER Chloride 25. Major intracellular anion - ANSWER Phosphate 26. Key buffer - ANSWER Bicarbonate 27. Normal sodium levels - ANSWER 135-145 mEq/L 28. normal potassium levels - ANSWER 3.5-5.0 mEq/L 29. Normal calcium levels - ANSWER 8.5-10.5 mg/dL 30. Normal magnesium levels - ANSWER 1.5-2.5 mEq/L 31. Normal chloride levels - ANSWER 95-100 mEq/L 32. Normal phosphate levels - ANSWER 2.5-4.5 mg/dL 33. Normal HCO3 range - ANSWER 22-26 mEq/L 34. Normal PaCO2 range - ANSWER 35-45 35. Normal pH - ANSWER 7.35-7.45 36. Regulates your output and electrolytes excertion - ANSWER Kidneys 37. Used when client is over hydrated - ANSWER ADH 38. What retains your sodium and water - ANSWER Aldosterone 39. Increases BP and BV - ANSWER RAAS 40. Promotes sodium and water excretion - ANSWER atrial natriuretic peptide 41. Causes of dehydration - ANSWER vomiting diarrhea burns excessive sweating 42. Signs and symptoms of dehydration - ANSWER Dry mucous membranes decreased skin turgor Hypotension tachycardia decrease urine output 43. Causes of Over hydration - ANSWER Heart Failure Kidney Failure Excessive IV fluids 44. Signs and symptoms of Fluid Volume Excess - ANSWER Edema Hypertension Lung crackles weight gain Jugular vain distension What is insensible loss - ANSWER Perspiration and sweat 45. What % of body fluid is ICF and where is ICF found - ANSWER 2/3 of body weight-fluid inside of cells 46. What is ECF - ANSWER 1/3 of body weight-fluid outside of cells 47. What are the 3 components of the ECF - ANSWER Interstitial, Intravascular, Transcellular 48. What is the interstitial space - ANSWER Fluid between the cells and outside of blood vessels (contains lymph) 49. How does adipose tissue and fat relate to a persons water quantity - ANSWER The more adipose tissue and fat you have the less water you will have b/c the fat is pushing out the water or taking up the space where the water would be 50. What areas in the body have the highest amount of water - ANSWER Muscle, skin and blood 51. Why would you want to fatten a cell using hypotonic IV solutions - ANSWER Solute concentration is too low, cell is dehydrated 52. What does the hypotonic IV solutions do - ANSWER Shifts fluids from intravascular into intracellular. ECF to ICF. Provides more lytes and dilutes ECF 53. What is an example of a hypotonic IV solution - ANSWER (1/2 NS) NS 0.45% 54. What do you need to be cautious of when giving hypotonic IV solution - ANSWER That the ECF doesn't become dehydrated 55. What are colloids used for - ANSWER Shifting fluid from the interstitial back into the intravascular. 56. What is meant by the semi permeable membrane being "leaky" - ANSWER The fluid and proteins shift from the intravascular space into the interstitial space "3rd spacing" 57. Why doesn't a diuretic work on a leaky semi permeable membrane - ANSWER Because meds work on the intravascular space and the overload of fluids is in the interstitial space. 58. What is an example of a colloid - ANSWER Albumin-given IV 59. What does it mean when you see a patient who has low albumin and protein levels - ANSWER Patient has leaky membranes and is at risk for fluid shifts into the interstitial space 60. What is diffusion - ANSWER Moving SOLUTES over semi permeable membrane from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration. Leveling out of solutes 61. What is an example of diffusion - ANSWER Oxygen and Carbon dioxide being distributed at the alveolar level. Also Ice Tea analogy 62. What should the GFR be at - ANSWER Greater than 60 63. What does creatinine indicate - ANSWER kidney dysfunction 64. What does BUN indicate - ANSWER Dehydration 65. What does a high BUN & creatinine indicate - ANSWER kidney dysfunction 66. What is filtration - ANSWER Water and solutes moving from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure 67. What is the active transport - ANSWER Allows larger molecules to enter moving along a concentration gradient from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration 68. What is the primary electrolyte in the ICF - ANSWER K+ 69. What are the primary electrolytes in the ECF - ANSWER Na+ and Cl- 70. What are patients at risk for when on hypertonic IV's - ANSWER Volume overload 71. What is D5W - ANSWER Isotonic 72. What is D10W - ANSWER Hypertonic 73. What is 1/2 NS (0.45% NS) - ANSWER Hypotonic 74. What is NS 0.9% - ANSWER Isotonic 75. What is NS 3%-5% - ANSWER Hypertonic 76. What is D5W in 0.9%NS - ANSWER Hypertonic 77. What is D5W in 0.45%NS - ANSWER Hypertonic 78. What is lactated ringers - ANSWER Isotonic 79. What is D5W in lactated ringers - ANSWER Hypertonic 80. What is the normal level of BUN - ANSWER 10-20 81. What is the normal level for creatinine - ANSWER 0.5-1.5 82. Intracellular fluid (ICF) - ANSWER fluid inside cells 2/3 body water, and 40% of body weight 83. Extracellular fluid - ANSWER interstitial, transcellular, intravascular, lymph 84. ECF makes up about onethird of the body water; 85. Interstitial - ANSWER fluid in between cells (part of ECF) 86. Intravascular - ANSWER r fluid or plasma, the liquid part of blood (part of ECF) 87. Transcellular - ANSWER cerebrospinal fluid; fluid in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and joint spaces;and pleural, peritoneal, intraocular, and pericardial fluid. (part of ECF) 88. 1 liter of water weighs - ANSWER 2.2 lbs or 1 kg 89. Electrolytes - ANSWER substances whose molecules dissociate, or split, into ions when placed in water 90. Cations - ANSWER are positively charged ions. Examples include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) ions. 91. Anions - ANSWER are negatively charged ions. Examples include bicarbonate (HCO3−), chloride (Cl−), and phosphate (PO43−) ions. Most proteins bear a negative charge and are thus anions 92. ECF ions - ANSWER ECF the main cation is sodium, with small amounts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The primary ECF anion is chloride, with small amounts of bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate anions 93. ICF ions - ANSWER most prevalent cation is potassium, with small amounts of magnesium and sodium. The prevalent ICF anion is phosphate, with some protein and a small amount of bicarbonate. 94. A registered nurse (RN) is discussing the overall fluid balance of an assigned client. The RN calculates that the client's insensible fluid loss is approximately 500 mL/day. The licensed practical nurse (LPN) recalls that the RN is referring to fluid losses occurring through which of the following areas? - ANSWER Skin and lungs 95. A nurse is assisting in the care of a group of clients on the nursing unit. The nurse determines that a client with which of the following diagnoses is the one who has the least amount of risk for developing third-spacing of body fluid? - ANSWER Ischemic stroke 96. A nurse is assisting in the care of a group of clients on the clinical nursing unit. The nurse monitors the fluid balance of a client who has which of the following diagnoses and is most at risk for fluid volume deficit? - ANSWER Ileostomy 97. An older adult client is admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia and dehydration. The nurse monitors the client for which of the following manifestations that correlates with this client's fluid imbalance? - ANSWER Flat neck veins 98. A nurse is assisting in the care of a client who is at risk for hyponatremia. The nurse would monitor this client for which of the following manifestations of this electrolyte imbalance? - ANSWER Abdominal cramping 99. A nurse is planning to reinforce dietary teaching about foods that are low in potassium to a client receiving a potassium-sparing diuretic. The nurse would be sure to include which of the following on a list of foods that have low potassium content? - ANSWER White bread 100. A nurse is obtaining the intershift report for a group of assigned clients. The nurse plans to monitor which client for signs of hyperkalemia because of the physiology associated with the health problem? - ANSWER A client with a new burn injury 101. A nurse is monitoring a client for hypercalcemia. Which of the following would the nurse note in hypercalcemia? - ANSWER Slight muscle weakness 102. A client with diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose on admission of 596 mg/dL. The nurse anticipates that this client would be experiencing which of the following types of acid-base imbalance? - ANSWER Metabolic acidosis 103. A nurse is assisting to admit a client with a diagnosis of Guillain Barré syndrome. The nurse knows that if the disease is severe enough, the client will be at risk for which of the following acid-base imbalances? - ANSWER Respiratory acidosis 104. A client is determined to be in respiratory alkalosis by blood gas analysis. The nurse should monitor this client for signs of which of the following electrolyte disorders that could accompany the acid-base imbalance? - ANSWER Hypokalemia 105. A nurse is caring for a client who is nervous and is hyperventilating. The nurse would monitor the client for signs of which of the following acid base imbalances? - ANSWER Respiratory alkalosis