Test Bank for Advanced Assessment: Interpreting Findings
and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition, Mary Jo
Goolsby, Laurie Grubbs Chapter 1 - 22 | Complete
,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or2answers the question.
1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which of the2following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must2be:
A. Methodical and2systematic
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
C. Able2to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
A. Chief complaint
B. History of the2present illness
C. Current vital signs
D. All of the above are essential history components
4. Which of the following is false? While performing2the physical2examination, the examiner must bea
ble to:
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal2findings
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response2to2other conditions
D. Foresee2unpredictable findings
5. The following is the least reliable source of2information for diagnostic statistics:
A. Evidence-based investigations
B. Primary reports of2research
C. Estimation based2on2a provider’s2experience
D. Published meta-analyses
6. The following2can be used to2assist in sound2clinical decision-making:
A. Algorithm2published in2a2peer-reviewed journal article
B. Clinical2practice guidelines
C. Evidence-based2research
D. All of the above
7. If a diagnostic2study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
A. High percentage2of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
D. None of the above
, 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
C. High percentage2of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
D. Low percentage2of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing2a:
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
B. Negative result is strongly associated2with absence of the disease
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the2disease
10. Which of the following2clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select sit
uations, settings, and/orpatients?
A. Clinical practice guideline
B. Clinical decision rule
C. Clinical algorithm
D. Clinical recommendation
, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: x B
Croskerry x(2009) xdescribes xtwo2major xtypes xof xclinical xdiagnostic xdecision-
making: xintuitive xand xanalytical. xIntuitive xdecision-making x(similar xto xAugenblink xdecision-
xmaking) xis xbased xon xthe xexperience xand xintuition xof xthe xclinician2and xis xless xreliable xand xpaired xwith
xfairly xcommon xerrors. xIn xcontrast, xanalytical xdecision-
making xis xbased2on xcareful xconsideration xand xhas xgreater xreliabilitywith xrare xerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: x D
To xobtain xadequate xhistory, xproviders xmust xbe xwell xorganized, xattentive xto2the xpatient’s
xverbal2andno xnverbal xlanguage, xand xable2to xaccurately xinterpret xthe2patient’s xresponses2to
xquestions.2Rather xthan xr xeading xinto xthe xpatient’s xstatements, xthey xclarify xany xareas xof
xuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: x C
Vital xsigns xare xpart xof xthe xphysical xexamination xportion2of2patient xassessment, xnot xpart xof xthe xhealthhis
xtory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: x D
While xperforming xthe xphysical xexamination, xthe xexaminer xmust xbe xable xto xdifferentiate
xbetweennor xmal xand xabnormal xfindings, xrecall xknowledge xof xa xrange2of xconditions, xincluding2their
xassociated xsig xns xand xsymptoms, xrecognize xhow2certain xconditions2affect xthe xresponse xto xother
xconditions, xand xdisti xnguish xthe xrelevance xof xvaried2abnormal xfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: x C
Sources xfor xdiagnostic2statistics xinclude2textbooks, xprimary xreports xof xresearch, xand xpublished xmet
xa-
analyses. xAnother xsource2of xstatistics, xthe xone xthat xhas xbeen xmost xwidely xused xand xavailable xfor xapp
xlication xto2the2reasoning xprocess, xis xthe xestimation xbased xon xa xprovider’s xexperience, xalthough
xthes xe xare xrarely xaccurate. xOver2the2past xdecade, xthe xavailability xof xevidence2on xwhich xto xbase
xclinical xre xasoning2is ximproving,2and xthere xis xan xincreasing xexpectation xthat xclinical xreasoningbe
xbased xon xscie xntific xevidence.2Evidence-
based xstatistics2are2also xincreasingly xbeing xused xto xdevelop xresources xto xfacilitate xclinical xdecision-
xmaking.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: x D
To xassist xin xclinical xdecision-making, xa xnumber xof xevidence-
based2resources xhave xbeen xdevelopedto xassist xthe xclinician. xResources, xsuch xas xalgorithms xand xclinic
xal xpractice xguidelines, xassist xin xclinical xreasoning xwhen xproperly xapplied.
This xstudy2source xwas xdownloaded xby x100000826342158 xfrom xCourseHero.com xon x05-25-2021 x21:32:19 xGMT x-05:00
Downloaded by: Stuviaaa |
m
and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition, Mary Jo
Goolsby, Laurie Grubbs Chapter 1 - 22 | Complete
,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or2answers the question.
1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which of the2following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must2be:
A. Methodical and2systematic
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
C. Able2to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
A. Chief complaint
B. History of the2present illness
C. Current vital signs
D. All of the above are essential history components
4. Which of the following is false? While performing2the physical2examination, the examiner must bea
ble to:
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal2findings
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response2to2other conditions
D. Foresee2unpredictable findings
5. The following is the least reliable source of2information for diagnostic statistics:
A. Evidence-based investigations
B. Primary reports of2research
C. Estimation based2on2a provider’s2experience
D. Published meta-analyses
6. The following2can be used to2assist in sound2clinical decision-making:
A. Algorithm2published in2a2peer-reviewed journal article
B. Clinical2practice guidelines
C. Evidence-based2research
D. All of the above
7. If a diagnostic2study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
A. High percentage2of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
D. None of the above
, 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
C. High percentage2of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
D. Low percentage2of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing2a:
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
B. Negative result is strongly associated2with absence of the disease
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the2disease
10. Which of the following2clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select sit
uations, settings, and/orpatients?
A. Clinical practice guideline
B. Clinical decision rule
C. Clinical algorithm
D. Clinical recommendation
, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: x B
Croskerry x(2009) xdescribes xtwo2major xtypes xof xclinical xdiagnostic xdecision-
making: xintuitive xand xanalytical. xIntuitive xdecision-making x(similar xto xAugenblink xdecision-
xmaking) xis xbased xon xthe xexperience xand xintuition xof xthe xclinician2and xis xless xreliable xand xpaired xwith
xfairly xcommon xerrors. xIn xcontrast, xanalytical xdecision-
making xis xbased2on xcareful xconsideration xand xhas xgreater xreliabilitywith xrare xerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: x D
To xobtain xadequate xhistory, xproviders xmust xbe xwell xorganized, xattentive xto2the xpatient’s
xverbal2andno xnverbal xlanguage, xand xable2to xaccurately xinterpret xthe2patient’s xresponses2to
xquestions.2Rather xthan xr xeading xinto xthe xpatient’s xstatements, xthey xclarify xany xareas xof
xuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: x C
Vital xsigns xare xpart xof xthe xphysical xexamination xportion2of2patient xassessment, xnot xpart xof xthe xhealthhis
xtory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: x D
While xperforming xthe xphysical xexamination, xthe xexaminer xmust xbe xable xto xdifferentiate
xbetweennor xmal xand xabnormal xfindings, xrecall xknowledge xof xa xrange2of xconditions, xincluding2their
xassociated xsig xns xand xsymptoms, xrecognize xhow2certain xconditions2affect xthe xresponse xto xother
xconditions, xand xdisti xnguish xthe xrelevance xof xvaried2abnormal xfindings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: x C
Sources xfor xdiagnostic2statistics xinclude2textbooks, xprimary xreports xof xresearch, xand xpublished xmet
xa-
analyses. xAnother xsource2of xstatistics, xthe xone xthat xhas xbeen xmost xwidely xused xand xavailable xfor xapp
xlication xto2the2reasoning xprocess, xis xthe xestimation xbased xon xa xprovider’s xexperience, xalthough
xthes xe xare xrarely xaccurate. xOver2the2past xdecade, xthe xavailability xof xevidence2on xwhich xto xbase
xclinical xre xasoning2is ximproving,2and xthere xis xan xincreasing xexpectation xthat xclinical xreasoningbe
xbased xon xscie xntific xevidence.2Evidence-
based xstatistics2are2also xincreasingly xbeing xused xto xdevelop xresources xto xfacilitate xclinical xdecision-
xmaking.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: x D
To xassist xin xclinical xdecision-making, xa xnumber xof xevidence-
based2resources xhave xbeen xdevelopedto xassist xthe xclinician. xResources, xsuch xas xalgorithms xand xclinic
xal xpractice xguidelines, xassist xin xclinical xreasoning xwhen xproperly xapplied.
This xstudy2source xwas xdownloaded xby x100000826342158 xfrom xCourseHero.com xon x05-25-2021 x21:32:19 xGMT x-05:00
Downloaded by: Stuviaaa |
m
