OPENSTAX MICROBIOLOGY TEST BANK OpenStax Microbiology THIS TEST BANK COVERS ALL CHAPTERS 1-26 OF THE BOOK

Chapter 1: An Invisible World

* =Correct

answerMultiple

Choice

1. Whichof thefollowing is true of the microbial world?
A. All microbes are harmful.
B. Humans could survive without microbes.
B B


C. Manymicrobes are helpful.*
D. Most microbes arepathogenic.
B




Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard: 23, 24

2. Whichof the following is when humans first suspected theexistence of microbes?
B


A. during theIndustrial Revolution
B. in prehistoric times*
C. in the last century
D. within the last500 years

Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:23

3. Whichindividualfirstobservedunicellularorganisms, whichhe called
“animalcules,” using a microscope he developed?
A. Robert KochB


B. Louis Pasteur
C. Thucydides
D. Antonievan Leeuwenhoek*

Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:6

4. To reduce the risk of openflamefrom Bunsen burners,microbiologists are
B


increasingly using which of the following devices for easy, rapid benchtop
sterilization of small pieces of equipment?
A. autoclaves
B. ethylene oxide
C. incubators
D. microincinerators*

Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:36

,5. TheSwedishbotanist knownforhavingdeveloped animportant biological
B B


classification system is which of the following people?
A. Ernst Haeckel
B


B. Carolus Linnaeus*
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Robert Whittaker
B




Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:N/A

6. Which kingdom was the onlyone found in Empire Prokaryota?
A. Animalia
B. Fungi
C. Monera*
D. Protista

Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:N/A

7. Whicharethe three currently accepted domains?
A. Archaea, Bacteria, andEukarya*
B. Archaea,Prokaryota, andEukaryota
C. Bacteria,Fungi,and Protista
D. Bacteria,Prokaryota, and Eukarya

Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:N/A

8. Whichtwo taxonomicunits are typicallyusedto identify anorganism when using
binomial nomenclature?
A. domainandkingdom
B. genus and family
C. genus and species*
D. phylum and class

Difficulty: Easy
ASMStandard:N/A

9. Whichof thefollowing is not true about the process of fermentation?
B B


A. It canhelp preserve foods,preventing spoilage.
B. It converts sugars toorganic acids, alcohols, and/or gases such as carbon dioxide.
B


C. Itis carried outexclusivelyby unicellular eukaryotes suchas yeast.*
D. It is used to make foods such as cheese andbread.

Difficulty: Moderate
ASMStandard: 11, 23, 26

,10. TheRomansmayhavereducedtheirrisk ofwaterborne infectiousdiseasesbyusing
N N N N B N N




Nwhich of the following?
N N N




A. avarietyofpharmaceuticalproducts
N N




B. aqueductsandasewersystem* N N N N




C. prophylacticantibiotics
D. quarantineofpeoplewithleprosy N N




Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard: 23
N N N




11. ForwhichofthefollowingisThucydidesknown?
N N N N N N




A. developinganeffectivesewersystem inancient Greece,helpingtoreduce N N N N B N N N




Nlevels of disease in cities
N N N N




B. observingmicrobes,usingamicroscope,forthefirst time,evendistinguishing N N N N B N




Nbetween bacteria and fungi N N N




C. proposingthat diseasewascausedbymicroorganisms N B N




D. realizing that people who hadbeeninfected bythe Athenian plaguehad
N B N N N N N




Nimmunity to reinfection* N N




Difficulty: Moderate N




ASMStandard:23,31
N




12. ErnstHaeckelproposedaclassificationsystemconsistingofwhichofthe N N N N N N




Nfollowingsubgroups? N




A. fivekingdomsN




B. fourkingdoms* N




C. twodomainsandthreekingdoms
N N N




D. twodomainsandfive kingdoms
N N N




Difficulty: Moderate N




ASMStandard:N/A
N




13. Virusesnot includedinphylogenetictreesforwhichofthefollowingreasons?
B N N N N N




A. Itistoodifficulttoobserve theircharacteristics.
N N N N N




B. Theyareacellularandnonliving.*
N N




C. Theydonot haveanygenes,whichpreventsgenetic analysis.
N N B N N N N B


D. Theylacka nucleus. N N N




Difficulty:Moderate
ASM Standard: 5
N N N




14. Whichisthebest description oftheprimarypurposeofa phylogeny?
N B N N N N N N




A. Phylogeniesshowallthealterativenamesforeachspecies. N N N N N N




B. Phylogeniesshowallthecommonnamesforeach species. N N N N N N N




C. Phylogeniesshowevolutionaryrelatednessbetween organisms.* N

, D. Phylogeniesshowinteractionsbetweenspecies inasharedhabitat. N N N N N N




Difficulty:Moderate
ASM Standard: 5
N N N




15. Currentphylogeneticanalysesincludewhichofthefollowing? N N N N N




A. informationfroma range ofsources,includingmorphological,genetic,and N N N N N N N




Nbiochemicaldata* N




B. informationonvisiblesimilaritiesonly N N N




C. information regardinghowto classify organisms onthe basisofexternal
N N N N N N




Nmorphological characteristics and visible behaviors N N N N




D. variedmorphologicalandstructuralcharacteristics,withpreferenceforleaving N N N




Nhistorical classifications to prevent confusion
N N N N




Difficulty:Moderate
ASM Standard: 5
N N N




16. Diatomsareclassifiedwithinwhichofthefollowingdomains?
N N N N N




A. Archaea
B. Bacteria
C. Eukarya*
D. Prokaryota

Difficulty: Moderate N




ASMStandard:N/A
N




17. Horizontalgenetransferinvolveswhichofthefollowing? N N N N N




A. anytransferofgenesina laboratorysetting N N N N




B. thetransferof genesfroma virustoabacteriumor vice versabut not any
N N N N N N N N N N B N




Nother form of gene transfer
N N N N




C. thetransferofgenesfromoneindividualtoanother, includingfromone
N N N N N N




Nspecies to another, but not from parent to offspring*
N N N N N N N N




D. thetransferofgenesfromparenttooffspring
N N N N N N




Difficulty:Moderate
ASMStandard:2,4
N N N




18. Bacteriaaregenerallyidentifiedtospeciesbyusingwhichofthefollowing?
N N N N N N N N N




A. acombinationofgenetic,biochemical,andmicroscopicapproaches* N N N N




B. acombinationofmicroscopicandphysiologicalapproaches,butnotgenetics
N N N N




C. primarilycharacteristicssuchasmotilitythat canbevisualizedusingmicroscopy N N B N N N N




D. primarilymorphological characteristicsof individualcells N N




Difficulty: Moderate N




ASMStandard:34,36
N