EFDA REVIEW EXAM 390 QUESTIONS & CORRECT
ANSWERS LATEST 2025
What is the anatomical crown? - ANSWER-The portion that extends from the
incisal or occlusal surface to the enamel's junction with the cementum of the root
What is the clinical crown? - ANSWER-The visible portion of the anatomical crown
extending from the crest of the soft tissue and includes the occlusal surface or
incisal edge
What is the cementoenamel junction (cervical line)? - ANSWER-A slight
constriction that encircles the tooth, dipping apically on the facial and lingual
surfaces and rising coronally on the proximal surfaces
What is the function of the anterior teeth? - ANSWER-To tear or incise food
What is the function of the posterior teeth? - ANSWER-Shaped with broad biting
and convex surfaces that grind food
Where is the furrow? - ANSWER-Coronal to the actual division into two or more
roots is a concavity that extends to or nearly to the cementoenamel junction
Define contact area - ANSWER-The point or area where approximating teeth in
the same arch touch or meet each other
,What is the functions of the contact area? - ANSWER-To keep food from
packaging between the teeth and to help stabilize the dental arches by combining
the anchorage of all teeth in either arch
What is an embrasure? - ANSWER-The spaces adjacent to and surrounding the
contact of the teeth in the same arch
Where is enamel the thickest? - ANSWER-At the incisal or occlusal areas
What is enamel's composition? - ANSWER-95% inorganic matter, mainly
hydroxyapatite, and 5% organic matter and water
______ is the hardest tissue in the body - ANSWER-Enamel
____ is the second hardest material in the body - ANSWER-Dentin
_____ provides support for enamel and increases in hardness as it ages -
ANSWER-Dentin
When scratching dentin with an explorer, it exhibits a ____ sound opposed to the
sharp higher pitch of enamel - ANSWER-Dull
Dentin is composed of - ANSWER-70% inorganic matter, 20% organic matter, and
10% water
Primary dentin - ANSWER-Is produced before the tooth erupts and shortly after
eruption
,Secondary dentin - ANSWER-Is a continuation of primary dentin that forms at a
slower rate as the tooth ages and throughout the life of the tooth
Reparative/Tertiary dentin - ANSWER-Forms rapidly when the tooth has received
an excessive stimulus from caries, cavity preparation, or other trauma
___ is the hard dental tissue covering the anatomical roots of the teeth -
ANSWER-Cementum
What has the highest fluoride content of all the materialized tissue? - ANSWER-
Cementum
___ has no blood supply of its own, but derives its nutrition from the periodontal
ligament - ANSWER-Cementum
What cementum cannot replace itself if it is diseased or has been removed
mechanically? - ANSWER-Acellular
____ cementum extends from the cementoenamel junction toward the root apex
covering a large portion of the root. Thin toward the cementoenamel junction
and thick toward the root apex - ANSWER-Acellular
What is the fourth hardest material in the body? - ANSWER-Cementum
___ cementum of the apex of the root is made of cells that are actively producing
new layers of cementum throughout the life of the tooth - ANSWER-Cellular
, The pulp serves functions such as - ANSWER-Formative/Developmental, Nutritive,
Sensory, Defensive/Protective
What function provides sensory nerve fibers within the pulp to mediate the
sensation of pain? - ANSWER-Sensory
What function is related to its response to irritation by mechanical, thermal,
chemical, bacterial stimuli? - ANSWER-Defensive
Irritation such as tooth fracture, grinding of teeth/bruxism, cavity preparation or
chemical irritation can cause - ANSWER-Degeneration and death of the involved
cells
What function supplies nutrients and fluids to the dentin through the blood
supply? - ANSWER-Nutritive
What can cause the pulp to be harmed? - ANSWER-Sterilizing, cleaning, drying
and desensitizing agents, temperatures, air, pressure, some cavity liners, some
temp/permanent restorative materials
What is a major developmental convexity on or near the occlusal surface of a
posterior teeth? - ANSWER-Cusp
Which teeth usually have four cusps? - ANSWER-Maxillary first and second molars
and mandibular second molars
ANSWERS LATEST 2025
What is the anatomical crown? - ANSWER-The portion that extends from the
incisal or occlusal surface to the enamel's junction with the cementum of the root
What is the clinical crown? - ANSWER-The visible portion of the anatomical crown
extending from the crest of the soft tissue and includes the occlusal surface or
incisal edge
What is the cementoenamel junction (cervical line)? - ANSWER-A slight
constriction that encircles the tooth, dipping apically on the facial and lingual
surfaces and rising coronally on the proximal surfaces
What is the function of the anterior teeth? - ANSWER-To tear or incise food
What is the function of the posterior teeth? - ANSWER-Shaped with broad biting
and convex surfaces that grind food
Where is the furrow? - ANSWER-Coronal to the actual division into two or more
roots is a concavity that extends to or nearly to the cementoenamel junction
Define contact area - ANSWER-The point or area where approximating teeth in
the same arch touch or meet each other
,What is the functions of the contact area? - ANSWER-To keep food from
packaging between the teeth and to help stabilize the dental arches by combining
the anchorage of all teeth in either arch
What is an embrasure? - ANSWER-The spaces adjacent to and surrounding the
contact of the teeth in the same arch
Where is enamel the thickest? - ANSWER-At the incisal or occlusal areas
What is enamel's composition? - ANSWER-95% inorganic matter, mainly
hydroxyapatite, and 5% organic matter and water
______ is the hardest tissue in the body - ANSWER-Enamel
____ is the second hardest material in the body - ANSWER-Dentin
_____ provides support for enamel and increases in hardness as it ages -
ANSWER-Dentin
When scratching dentin with an explorer, it exhibits a ____ sound opposed to the
sharp higher pitch of enamel - ANSWER-Dull
Dentin is composed of - ANSWER-70% inorganic matter, 20% organic matter, and
10% water
Primary dentin - ANSWER-Is produced before the tooth erupts and shortly after
eruption
,Secondary dentin - ANSWER-Is a continuation of primary dentin that forms at a
slower rate as the tooth ages and throughout the life of the tooth
Reparative/Tertiary dentin - ANSWER-Forms rapidly when the tooth has received
an excessive stimulus from caries, cavity preparation, or other trauma
___ is the hard dental tissue covering the anatomical roots of the teeth -
ANSWER-Cementum
What has the highest fluoride content of all the materialized tissue? - ANSWER-
Cementum
___ has no blood supply of its own, but derives its nutrition from the periodontal
ligament - ANSWER-Cementum
What cementum cannot replace itself if it is diseased or has been removed
mechanically? - ANSWER-Acellular
____ cementum extends from the cementoenamel junction toward the root apex
covering a large portion of the root. Thin toward the cementoenamel junction
and thick toward the root apex - ANSWER-Acellular
What is the fourth hardest material in the body? - ANSWER-Cementum
___ cementum of the apex of the root is made of cells that are actively producing
new layers of cementum throughout the life of the tooth - ANSWER-Cellular
, The pulp serves functions such as - ANSWER-Formative/Developmental, Nutritive,
Sensory, Defensive/Protective
What function provides sensory nerve fibers within the pulp to mediate the
sensation of pain? - ANSWER-Sensory
What function is related to its response to irritation by mechanical, thermal,
chemical, bacterial stimuli? - ANSWER-Defensive
Irritation such as tooth fracture, grinding of teeth/bruxism, cavity preparation or
chemical irritation can cause - ANSWER-Degeneration and death of the involved
cells
What function supplies nutrients and fluids to the dentin through the blood
supply? - ANSWER-Nutritive
What can cause the pulp to be harmed? - ANSWER-Sterilizing, cleaning, drying
and desensitizing agents, temperatures, air, pressure, some cavity liners, some
temp/permanent restorative materials
What is a major developmental convexity on or near the occlusal surface of a
posterior teeth? - ANSWER-Cusp
Which teeth usually have four cusps? - ANSWER-Maxillary first and second molars
and mandibular second molars
