BIOD 101 NEWEST EXAM WITH
WELL DETAILED QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Question-what are the four major differences btw dna and rna? - answer-1. Dna contains
deoxyribose - rna is ribose
2. Dna: thymine
rna: uracil
3. Dna: double stranded helix
Rna: single strand
Question-dna is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a dna
nucleotide form the uprights? What part forms the rungs? - answer-the uprights are the sugar
phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the bases.
A. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
B. What are the particular types of each of these that are found in dna and what are the
corresponding types that are found in rna? - answer-a. Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
B. Dna- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
Rna- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
Question-explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. - answer-
during dehydration condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining building block
monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used.
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water molecule is
added and energy is released.
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
,Glucose - answer-carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood sugar in humans and animals
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Starch - answer-carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Cellulose - answer-carbohydrate; woody tissue in plants and trees, indigestible fiber
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Triglyceride - answer-lipid; the major form of fuel storage that when broken down produces
twice as much energy per gram than carbohydrates
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Phopholipid - answer-lipid; the major constituent of cell membranes
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Hemoglobin - answer-protein; carries oxygen in the blood
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
,Dna - answer-nucleic acid; contains genetic material of cells
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Rna - answer-nucleic acid; part of the protein-synthesizing operation of the cell
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Cholesterol - answer-lipid; component of animal cell membranes that, when in excess, can form
plaque on artery walls
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Atp - answer-nucleic acid; releases energy through the breaking of high-energy phosphate bond
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Glycogen - answer-carbohydrate; the form in which animals and humans store glucose
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Insulin - answer-protein; a hormone
Question-why are proteins so often used to build structures? - answer-because they are
"structurally sophisticated". They are strong, yet flexible and incredibly diverse.
, Question-explain the following terms in regard to proteins:
A. Primary structure:
B. Secondary structure:
C. Tertiary structure:
D. Quaternary structure: - answer-a. Amino acid monomers in a linear chain
B. 2 repeating patterns are possible; a spring like coil of fibrous proteins within the linear chain
forms (alpha-helix) and/or in the linear chain the pattern snakes back and forth; strong and
flexible but not elastic. Both conformations held together with hydrogen bonds. It's possible that
one chain can have both patterns
C. Folding of the secondary structure; 3d shape determined by r-group interactions and hydrogen
bonds
D. Interactions between two or more polypeptide chains. Each chain has its own primary,
secondary, and tertiary structure. **need 2 or more polypeptide chains for this structure**
Question-the bases present in nucleic acids contain what element besides c and h and o? -
answer-nitrogen
Question-what is the property that makes a molecule a lipid? - answer-being insoluble in water
due to the presence of the long chain of hydrocarbons
Question-what is the main reason for the polarity of most biomacromolecules? - answer-most
biomacromolecules are polar due to the strongly electronegative oxygen (or nitrogen) in the
functional group
Question-name the building-block molecule(s) for each of the following biomacromolecules:
Proteins - answer-amino acids
Question-name the building-block molecule(s) for each of the following biomacromolecules:
Lipids - answer-fatty acids and glycerol
WELL DETAILED QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
Question-what are the four major differences btw dna and rna? - answer-1. Dna contains
deoxyribose - rna is ribose
2. Dna: thymine
rna: uracil
3. Dna: double stranded helix
Rna: single strand
Question-dna is often described as a coiled ladder. In this description, what two parts of a dna
nucleotide form the uprights? What part forms the rungs? - answer-the uprights are the sugar
phosphate backbone, and the rungs are the bases.
A. Name the three parts of a nucleic acid nucleotide.
B. What are the particular types of each of these that are found in dna and what are the
corresponding types that are found in rna? - answer-a. Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base
B. Dna- deoxyribose- phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
Rna- ribose -phosphate group- adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
Question-explain the 2 differences btw hydrolysis and dehydration condensation. - answer-
during dehydration condensation biomacromolecules are synthesized by joining building block
monomers. A water molecule is lost and energy is used.
Biomacromolecules are broken down into monomers during hydrolysis when a water molecule is
added and energy is released.
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
,Glucose - answer-carbohydrate; used as fuel, is referred to as blood sugar in humans and animals
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Starch - answer-carbohydrate; the form in which plants store glucose
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Cellulose - answer-carbohydrate; woody tissue in plants and trees, indigestible fiber
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Triglyceride - answer-lipid; the major form of fuel storage that when broken down produces
twice as much energy per gram than carbohydrates
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Phopholipid - answer-lipid; the major constituent of cell membranes
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Hemoglobin - answer-protein; carries oxygen in the blood
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
,Dna - answer-nucleic acid; contains genetic material of cells
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Rna - answer-nucleic acid; part of the protein-synthesizing operation of the cell
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Cholesterol - answer-lipid; component of animal cell membranes that, when in excess, can form
plaque on artery walls
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Atp - answer-nucleic acid; releases energy through the breaking of high-energy phosphate bond
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Glycogen - answer-carbohydrate; the form in which animals and humans store glucose
Question-tell whether each of the following is carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid. Then
explain the use of each.
Insulin - answer-protein; a hormone
Question-why are proteins so often used to build structures? - answer-because they are
"structurally sophisticated". They are strong, yet flexible and incredibly diverse.
, Question-explain the following terms in regard to proteins:
A. Primary structure:
B. Secondary structure:
C. Tertiary structure:
D. Quaternary structure: - answer-a. Amino acid monomers in a linear chain
B. 2 repeating patterns are possible; a spring like coil of fibrous proteins within the linear chain
forms (alpha-helix) and/or in the linear chain the pattern snakes back and forth; strong and
flexible but not elastic. Both conformations held together with hydrogen bonds. It's possible that
one chain can have both patterns
C. Folding of the secondary structure; 3d shape determined by r-group interactions and hydrogen
bonds
D. Interactions between two or more polypeptide chains. Each chain has its own primary,
secondary, and tertiary structure. **need 2 or more polypeptide chains for this structure**
Question-the bases present in nucleic acids contain what element besides c and h and o? -
answer-nitrogen
Question-what is the property that makes a molecule a lipid? - answer-being insoluble in water
due to the presence of the long chain of hydrocarbons
Question-what is the main reason for the polarity of most biomacromolecules? - answer-most
biomacromolecules are polar due to the strongly electronegative oxygen (or nitrogen) in the
functional group
Question-name the building-block molecule(s) for each of the following biomacromolecules:
Proteins - answer-amino acids
Question-name the building-block molecule(s) for each of the following biomacromolecules:
Lipids - answer-fatty acids and glycerol
