MH701 Exam 1: Neurotransmitters, AntiDeP, Anxiolytics Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100%Correct

MH701 Exam 1: Neurotransmitters, AntiDeP, Anxiolytics Exam Questions And Answers Verified 100%Correct Bupriopion used in combo with ___ for weight loss - ANSWER Naloxone Bupropion less likely to cause ____ in bipolar 1 patients - ANSWER Mania Fear versus anxiety - ANSWER Fear: Short-term, stimulus-specific Anxiety: Sustained response influencing behavior after stimulus is removed Fear location - ANSWER basolateral, central, and medial nuclei of *amygdala* Worry/anxiety/obsessions location - ANSWER basolateral amygdala projections to bed nucleus of stria terminalis CSTC circuit Can be stored in memories in hippocampus How does the endocrine system respond to fear? - ANSWER Hypothalamus causes ↑ cortisol, ↑ CAD, ↑ type 2 diab, ↑ stroke 3 neurotransmitters in anxiety - ANSWER GABA ↓ Serotonin ↓ Norepinephrine (↑ or ↓) Link between Ca channel blockers and mood disorders? - ANSWER Voltage-gated ion channels Disorders related to low GABA - ANSWER Anxiety Depression Schizophrenia Benzo antagonist? - ANSWER Flumazenil FDA approved meds for GAD - ANSWER SSRI: Escitalopram, Paroxetine SNRI: Venlafaxine, Duloxetine Benzo: Alprazolam, Clonazepam Buspirone FDA approved for PTSD? - ANSWER Sertraline, Paroxetine FDA approved meds for panic disorder - ANSWER SSRI: Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Paroxetine Benzo: Alprazolam (Xanax), Clonazepam FDA approved meds for social anxiety disorder - ANSWER SSRI: Sertraline, Paroxetine FDA approved meds for OCD - ANSWER SSRI: Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Sertraline, Paroxetine TCA: Clomipramine FDA approved meds for ADHD in kids? - ANSWER Clonidine Loss of tissue in ____ may create failure to filter obsessive thinking in OCD - ANSWER Caudate nuclei (area of basal ganglia) Length of medication treatment in OCD - ANSWER May need to take indefinitely or relapse likely What is melazodone? - ANSWER Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitor More potent than SSRI due to dual action, works faster Enhanced dopamine release -> reduction in sexual function Buspirone MOA - ANSWER 5HT1a partial agonist Buspirone indications - ANSWER Augmentor for SSRIs for anxiety Benefits of buspirone - ANSWER Works similary to benzos without the abuse potential, less sedation/psychomotor impairment, no interaction with alcohol Cons of buspirone - ANSWER Slow onset of action (1-2 weeks) Needs BID or TID dosing due to half-life Lots of side effects at beginning Clonidine MOA - ANSWER Centrally acting alpha 2 agonist/ antihypertensive Clonidine off label uses - ANSWER PTSD, social anxiety, Tourettes Helpful for anger, stress, substance/opioid withdrawal, nightmares, severe pain in CA pts Propranolol off label uses - ANSWER GAD, PTSD, violence/aggression Helpful for tremor side effect of lithium and antipsychotics Propranolol MOA - ANSWER Blockade of beta-1 adrenergic receptors (may prevent fear conditioning), actions at serotonin receptors (poorly understood) Hydroxyzine off label uses - ANSWER GAD Hydroxyzine MOA - ANSWER H1 receptor antagonist, interacts with serotonin receptors Hydroxyzine side effects - ANSWER Sedation (decreases over time) Benefits of hydroxyzine - ANSWER Does not cause tolerance, abuse, withdrawal, memory impairment Benzodiazepines indications - ANSWER Anxiety & panic disorders, seizures, insomnia, muscle spasm, alcohol withdrawal, induction of anesthesia, amnesic prior to surgeries/procedures, IBS, restless legs, chemo-induced n/v Benzos MOA - ANSWER Enhance GABA in amygdala Short acting benzo indications Long acting benzo indications - ANSWER Short acting: Better hypnotics, reduced hangover effects Long acting: Better anxiolytics, anticonvulsants Safest benzos in liver damage? - ANSWER "OTL" ("outside the liver")- no active metabolites Oxazepam Temazepam (Restoril) Lorazepam (notes also says Chlordiazepoxide) If liver damage + benzo.... - ANSWER Delirium Preferred benzo for substance use - ANSWER Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) because crosses BBB very quickly and long-acting so less rapid change in vitals