HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Practice
Exam Questions and Answers Already
Graded A+ Latest Versions 2025
A client w/ markedly distended bladder is dx w/ hydronephroosis and left hydroureter after an IV
pyelogram. The nurse catheterizes the client and obtains a residual urine vol of 1650 ml. this finding
supports which pathophysiological cause of the client's urinary tract obstruction? - answer-Obstruction
at the urinary bladder neck
Hydroureter (dilation of the renal pelvis), vesicoureteral reflux (backward mvmt of urine from the lower
to upper urinary tracts), and hydronephrosis (dilation or enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces)
result from post-renal obstruction which can consequently result in chronic pyelonephritis and renal
,atrophy. Ascending urinary reflux occurs when normal ureteral peristaltic pressure is met w/ an increase
in urinary pressure occurring during bladder filling if the urinary bladder neck is obstructed
The nurse is planning care for a client who has a right hemispheric stroke. Which nsg dx should the nurse
include in the POC? - answer-Risk for injury r/t denial of deficits and impulsiveness
Right-brain damage - a client experience difficulty in judgment and spatial perception and is more likely
to be impulsive and move quickly, which placing the client at risk for falls
the nurse is teaching a client w/ maple syrup urine disease, an autosomal recessive DO about the
inheritance pattern. Which info should the nurse provide? - answer-both genes of a pair must be
abnormal for the DO to occur
A female client tells the nurse that she does not know which day of the month is best to do breast self
exams. Which instruction should the nurse provide? - answer-5-7 days after menses cease
this is because the physiologic alterations in breast size and activity reach their minimal level after
menses
A client reports unprotected sex 1 wk ago and is worried about HIV exposure. An initial HIV antibody
screen (ELISA) is obtained. The nurse teaches the client that seroconversion to HIV positive relies on
antibody production by B lymphocytes after exposure to the virus. When should the nurse recommend
the client return for repeat blood testing? - answer-6-12 wks
although the HIV antigen is detectable appx 2 wks after exposure, seroconversion to HIV positive may
take up to 6-12 wks after exposure
A nurse is planning to teach self care measures to a female client about prevention of yeast infections.
Which instructions should the nurse provide? - answer-avoid tight fitting clothing and do not use bubble
bath or bath salts
Which rxn should the nurse ID in a client who is responding to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous
system (SNS)? - answer-Increased HR
, any stressor that is perceived as threatening to homeostasis acts to stimulate the SNS and manifests as a
flight or flight response, which includes an increased HR
Parasympathetic Nervous System: pupil constriction, bronchial constriction, decreased BP
A client w/ asthma receives a prescription for high BP during a clinic visit. Which prescription should the
nurse anticipate the client to receive that is least likely to exacerbate asthma? - answer-Metoprolol
the nurse is preparing to administer atropine, an anticholinergic, to a client who is scheduled for a
cholecystectomy. The client asks the nurse to explain the reason for the prescribed med. What response
is best for the nurse to provide? - answer-decrease the risk of bradycardia during sugery
it us used to increase the automaticity of the sinoatrial node and prevent a dangerous reduction in HR
during surgical anesthesia
A deficiency of intrinsic factor should alert the nurse to assess a client's hx for which condition? -
answer-Pernicious anemia
the most common cause is lack of instrinsic factor, a glucoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the
gastric lining
the nurse is assessing an older client and determines that the client's left upper eyelid droops, covering
more of the iris than the right eyelid. Which description should the nurse use to document this finding? -
answer-ptosis on the left eyelid
A client w/ aortic valve stenosis dvps HF. Which pathophys finding occurs in the myocardial cells as a
result of the increased cardiac workload? - answer-Increase in size
HTN and incompetent or stenotic heart valves cause an increase in the workload of the heart by
increasing afterload which requires an increase in the force of cxn to pump blood out of the heart.
Myocardial hypertrophy results because the cells increase in surface area or size by increasing the amt
of contractile proteins, but the quantity of fibers remain constant. As myocardial hypertrophy
progresses, the heart becomes ineffective as a pump because the ventricular wall cannot dvp enough
tension to cause effective contraction, which causes myocardial irritability due to hypoxia
Exam Questions and Answers Already
Graded A+ Latest Versions 2025
A client w/ markedly distended bladder is dx w/ hydronephroosis and left hydroureter after an IV
pyelogram. The nurse catheterizes the client and obtains a residual urine vol of 1650 ml. this finding
supports which pathophysiological cause of the client's urinary tract obstruction? - answer-Obstruction
at the urinary bladder neck
Hydroureter (dilation of the renal pelvis), vesicoureteral reflux (backward mvmt of urine from the lower
to upper urinary tracts), and hydronephrosis (dilation or enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces)
result from post-renal obstruction which can consequently result in chronic pyelonephritis and renal
,atrophy. Ascending urinary reflux occurs when normal ureteral peristaltic pressure is met w/ an increase
in urinary pressure occurring during bladder filling if the urinary bladder neck is obstructed
The nurse is planning care for a client who has a right hemispheric stroke. Which nsg dx should the nurse
include in the POC? - answer-Risk for injury r/t denial of deficits and impulsiveness
Right-brain damage - a client experience difficulty in judgment and spatial perception and is more likely
to be impulsive and move quickly, which placing the client at risk for falls
the nurse is teaching a client w/ maple syrup urine disease, an autosomal recessive DO about the
inheritance pattern. Which info should the nurse provide? - answer-both genes of a pair must be
abnormal for the DO to occur
A female client tells the nurse that she does not know which day of the month is best to do breast self
exams. Which instruction should the nurse provide? - answer-5-7 days after menses cease
this is because the physiologic alterations in breast size and activity reach their minimal level after
menses
A client reports unprotected sex 1 wk ago and is worried about HIV exposure. An initial HIV antibody
screen (ELISA) is obtained. The nurse teaches the client that seroconversion to HIV positive relies on
antibody production by B lymphocytes after exposure to the virus. When should the nurse recommend
the client return for repeat blood testing? - answer-6-12 wks
although the HIV antigen is detectable appx 2 wks after exposure, seroconversion to HIV positive may
take up to 6-12 wks after exposure
A nurse is planning to teach self care measures to a female client about prevention of yeast infections.
Which instructions should the nurse provide? - answer-avoid tight fitting clothing and do not use bubble
bath or bath salts
Which rxn should the nurse ID in a client who is responding to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous
system (SNS)? - answer-Increased HR
, any stressor that is perceived as threatening to homeostasis acts to stimulate the SNS and manifests as a
flight or flight response, which includes an increased HR
Parasympathetic Nervous System: pupil constriction, bronchial constriction, decreased BP
A client w/ asthma receives a prescription for high BP during a clinic visit. Which prescription should the
nurse anticipate the client to receive that is least likely to exacerbate asthma? - answer-Metoprolol
the nurse is preparing to administer atropine, an anticholinergic, to a client who is scheduled for a
cholecystectomy. The client asks the nurse to explain the reason for the prescribed med. What response
is best for the nurse to provide? - answer-decrease the risk of bradycardia during sugery
it us used to increase the automaticity of the sinoatrial node and prevent a dangerous reduction in HR
during surgical anesthesia
A deficiency of intrinsic factor should alert the nurse to assess a client's hx for which condition? -
answer-Pernicious anemia
the most common cause is lack of instrinsic factor, a glucoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the
gastric lining
the nurse is assessing an older client and determines that the client's left upper eyelid droops, covering
more of the iris than the right eyelid. Which description should the nurse use to document this finding? -
answer-ptosis on the left eyelid
A client w/ aortic valve stenosis dvps HF. Which pathophys finding occurs in the myocardial cells as a
result of the increased cardiac workload? - answer-Increase in size
HTN and incompetent or stenotic heart valves cause an increase in the workload of the heart by
increasing afterload which requires an increase in the force of cxn to pump blood out of the heart.
Myocardial hypertrophy results because the cells increase in surface area or size by increasing the amt
of contractile proteins, but the quantity of fibers remain constant. As myocardial hypertrophy
progresses, the heart becomes ineffective as a pump because the ventricular wall cannot dvp enough
tension to cause effective contraction, which causes myocardial irritability due to hypoxia
