PAS 251F PEDIATRICS Exam Questions
and Answers Latest Update 2025 GRADED
A+
how to assess respiratory rate in pediatrics
Ans: assess rate and pattern.
take when child is quiet.
count for a full minute.
normal breathing for infants is obligate nose breathers, use diaphragm for
breathing, and periodic breathing (pauses during breathing).
normal respiratory ranges per age group
,Ans: premie - 40-70.
0-3 months - 30-60.
3-6 months - 30-45.
6-12 months - 25-40.
1-3 years - 20-30.
3-6 years - 20-25.
6-12 years - 14-22.
>12 years - 12-18.
respiratory distress in pediatrics
Ans: increased respiratory rate. retractions or use of accessory muscles.
nasal flaring. head bobbing. grunting. stridor. audible wheeze. change in
skin color.
oxygen saturation in pediatrics
Ans: use pulse oximetry. <95% is concerning
,blood pressure assessment in pediatrics
Ans: begin measuring in all children age 3. (can assess if <3yo if they
have chronic, renal, cardiac disease).
use correct size cuff.
crying or anxious children can have higher BP.
normal pressure depends on age and weight.
HTN is >95th percentile at 3 different visits.
stages of hypertension in pediatrics
Ans: normal: <90th percentile.
elevated: >90th percentile to <95th percentile. or 120/80 to <95th
percentile.
stage 1 HTN: >95th percentile to <95th percentile + 12mmHg. or 130/80 to
139/89.
stage 2 HTN: >95th percentile + 12mmHg. or >140/90.
normal blood pressure levels per age group
, 9 |Page
Ans: premie - 55-75/35-45
0-3 months - 65-85/45-55.
3-6 months - 70-90/50-65.
6-12 months - 80-100/55-65.
1-3 years - 90-105/55-70.
3-6 years - 95-110/60-75.
6-12 years - 100-120/60-75.
>12 years - 100-120/70-80.
Assessing for orthostatic hypotension
Ans: take BP and HR after 5min of supine rest.
repeat after 3min of standing.
systolic BP drop >20 or diastolic >10 then should be concerned.
wong-baker faces pain rating scale
and Answers Latest Update 2025 GRADED
A+
how to assess respiratory rate in pediatrics
Ans: assess rate and pattern.
take when child is quiet.
count for a full minute.
normal breathing for infants is obligate nose breathers, use diaphragm for
breathing, and periodic breathing (pauses during breathing).
normal respiratory ranges per age group
,Ans: premie - 40-70.
0-3 months - 30-60.
3-6 months - 30-45.
6-12 months - 25-40.
1-3 years - 20-30.
3-6 years - 20-25.
6-12 years - 14-22.
>12 years - 12-18.
respiratory distress in pediatrics
Ans: increased respiratory rate. retractions or use of accessory muscles.
nasal flaring. head bobbing. grunting. stridor. audible wheeze. change in
skin color.
oxygen saturation in pediatrics
Ans: use pulse oximetry. <95% is concerning
,blood pressure assessment in pediatrics
Ans: begin measuring in all children age 3. (can assess if <3yo if they
have chronic, renal, cardiac disease).
use correct size cuff.
crying or anxious children can have higher BP.
normal pressure depends on age and weight.
HTN is >95th percentile at 3 different visits.
stages of hypertension in pediatrics
Ans: normal: <90th percentile.
elevated: >90th percentile to <95th percentile. or 120/80 to <95th
percentile.
stage 1 HTN: >95th percentile to <95th percentile + 12mmHg. or 130/80 to
139/89.
stage 2 HTN: >95th percentile + 12mmHg. or >140/90.
normal blood pressure levels per age group
, 9 |Page
Ans: premie - 55-75/35-45
0-3 months - 65-85/45-55.
3-6 months - 70-90/50-65.
6-12 months - 80-100/55-65.
1-3 years - 90-105/55-70.
3-6 years - 95-110/60-75.
6-12 years - 100-120/60-75.
>12 years - 100-120/70-80.
Assessing for orthostatic hypotension
Ans: take BP and HR after 5min of supine rest.
repeat after 3min of standing.
systolic BP drop >20 or diastolic >10 then should be concerned.
wong-baker faces pain rating scale
