USMLE CARDIOLOGY Exam Questions with 100% Correct Verified Answers Latest Update 2025 Graded A+.

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USMLE




USMLE CARDIOLOGY Exam Questions
with 100% Correct Verified Answers Latest
Update 2025 Graded A+



1. CHADS2 and A fib - ANS ✓-stroke prevention with anticoagulation


-CHF 1 point
-HTN 1 point
-Age >=75 1 point
-DM 1 point
-h/o Stroke 2 points


CHADS2 score 1-2, aspirin or anticoag but >3, anticoag


2. Acute pericarditis post MI - ANS ✓-tx is aspirin; nsaids and
corticosteroids CI, may hinder myocardial scar formation
VS
-acute pericarditis NOT post MI
-tx: nsaids


3. Sick Sinus Syndrome (sx, ECG, tx) - ANS ✓-sinus node dysfunction,
spontaneous sinus bradycardia


USMLE Step 2 Cardiology

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USMLE

-recurrent dizziness, syncope, fatigue, confusion, CHF
-long PR, long QRS interval (vs long QT interval is tachyarrythmia,
torsades)
-mc reason for pacemaker


4. Cardiogenic shock (features, CO, SVR, PCWP, tx) - ANS ✓-h/o MI,
angina, heart disease
-*JVD present*
- ↓ CO, ↑ SVR, *↑ PCWP*
-give vasopressors (dopamine>dobutamine)


5. Hypovolemic shock (features, CO, SVR, PCWP, tx) - ANS ✓-↓CO, ↑
SVR, ↓ PCWP, *↓ central venous pressure*
-compensatory mechanism begin to fail when 20-25% blood lost
-a/w vasoconstriction (cool skin) (vs septic, vasodilate, flushing)
-give fluids


6. Septic shock (features, CO, SVR, PCWP, tx) - ANS ✓-*↑ CO
(hyperdynamic circulation)*, *↓ SVR (vasodilation)*, ↓ PCWP
-pt has fever or hypothermic; severe peripheral vasodilation, flushing,
warm skin
-give abx, fluid, vasopressors


7. Anterior infarct ECG - ANS ✓- ST elevation V1-V4, Q wave V1-V4
- LAD occlusion


8. Inferior wall infarct ECG - ANS ✓-Q waves II, III, avf


USMLE Step 2 Cardiology

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-occlusion R coronary artery >>L cicumflex art


9. Posterior wall infarct ECG - ANS ✓-ST depression V1-V2
-upright prominent T waves V1, V2
-large R wave V1, V2


Posterior descending artery


10. Lateral wall infarct ECG - ANS ✓-Q waves I and avl, V4-V6


LAD or LCX occlusion


11. Treatment of sinus bradycardia - ANS ✓only if symptomatic
-IV atropine


12. Haptoglobin and intra vs extravascular hemolysis - ANS ✓-
haptoglobin binds free Hb
-intravascular hemolysis, Hb released into vasculature, and can bind
haptoglobin, so haptoglobin levels are LOW
-extravascular, Hb not released into system, so haptoglobin normal


13. Diagnosis alpha thalessamia v beta - ANS ✓BOTH: MCV<70,
normal Fe, RDW normal, target cells
Alpha: normal Hb electrophoresis
Beta: inc hba2 in Hb electrophoresis




USMLE Step 2 Cardiology

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14. Edema, ascites, hepatic congestion, distended neck veins -
ANS ✓think of constrictive pericarditis


15. Prominent x and y descents, Kussmaul's sign - ANS
✓constrictive pericardities with prominent JVD
-also see ascites, hepatomegaly, dependent edema,


16. Pathophysiology of constrictive pericarditis - ANS ✓-
idiopathic
-fibrotic rigid percardium, early diastolic filling unimpeded, but ehrn
volume reaches limit set by noncompliant ventricle, filling abrubtly halted
(vs cardiac tamponade, ventricle filling impeded throughout diatole)


17. Cardiac tamponade pathophys - ANS ✓pericardial affusion
that impairs ventricle filling throughout diastole


18. X descent and absent y descent, pulsus paradoxus - ANS
✓cardiac tamponade


19. Electrical alternans associated with what pericardial
diseases - ANS ✓pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade



20. Hypotension, muffled heart sounds, JVD - ANS ✓cardiac
tamponade


21. Electrical alternans seen in what pericardial diseases? -
ANS ✓pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade




USMLE Step 2 Cardiology