NUR 521 Advanced Pharmacology EXAM 3 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2025- University of Alabama

NUR 521: Advanced Pharmacology EXAM 3 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES 2025- University of Alabama 1. A 12-month-old child arrives at the clinic for their routine MMR vaccine. The caregiver reports the child had a mild cold with a low-grade fever earlier in the week but is now asymptomatic. What is the best course of action? A. Postpone the vaccine due to the recent illness B. Administer the vaccine as scheduled C. Defer the vaccine and recommend acetaminophen before administration D. Avoid the vaccine because of a prior mild reaction to another vaccine Answer: B. Administer the vaccine as scheduled Rationale: Mild, acute illnesses with or without fever (e.g., a cold) are not contraindications for vaccination. The child can safely receive the vaccine as scheduled. Routine NSAIDs or acetaminophen before vaccination are not recommended, as they may decrease the immune response. 2. A mother of a 6-month-old baby is concerned about severe adverse effects after a DTaP vaccine. Which of the following is the most serious adverse event associated with DTaP administration? A. Local soreness and mild fever B. Transient thrombocytopenia C. Anaphylaxis D. Acute encephalopathy Answer: D. Acute encephalopathy Rationale: Acute encephalopathy is a rare but severe adverse effect of the DTaP vaccine. Mild reactions like local soreness and fever are more common, while anaphylaxis is also rare but serious. Transient thrombocytopenia is associated with MMR, not DTaP. 3. A 35-year-old woman of childbearing age is starting rifampin for tuberculosis treatment. What should the nurse practitioner include in her patient education? A. Rifampin has no interactions with hormonal birth control. B. Rifampin can discolor bodily fluids but the effect is harmless. C. Stop rifampin immediately if the patient notices any change in urine color. D. Rifampin is safe to take during pregnancy without caution. Answer: B. Rifampin can discolor bodily fluids but the effect is harmless. Rationale: Rifampin can cause harmless discoloration (orange-red) of bodily fluids like urine, sweat, and tears. It interacts with hormonal birth control, so women should use an additional non-hormonal method. Rifampin should be used with caution during pregnancy only if the benefits outweigh risks.