Advanced Pathophysiology
Final Exam 2025/2026
What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion? - ANSWER
Individuals with depression show that persistently elevated plasma cortisol levels
can result in inflammation that is believed to trigger depression
A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance
does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia? -
ANSWER Erythropoietin
What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children? - ANSWER
Periorbital edema
A patient is in the Emergency Department with heat stroke. What finding does the
healthcare provider associate with this condition? - ANSWER Absence of
sweating despite a high core temperature
Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the
passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? -
ANSWER Abnormal uterine bleeding
,The health care professional is caring for a person who has a pathologic fracture.
The patient asks the professional to explain the condition. What response by the
professional is best? - ANSWER A fracture that happens at the site of an
abnormality already in that bone.
A patient has a temporary displacement of two bones in a joint causing the bone
surfaces to partially lose contact with each other. What treatment does the health
care professional prepare the patient for? - ANSWER Reduction and
immobilization
Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom? - ANSWER Excessive
mucus production
Stroke Volume (SV) - ANSWER measurement of the amount of blood
ejected from a ventricle in one contraction
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - ANSWER disease of the central nervous system
characterized by the demyelination (deterioration of the myelin sheath) of nerve
fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by
recovery (remission)
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - ANSWER Minor stroke; where
neurological function is regained quickly with time
Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWER autoimmune neuromuscular disorder
characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles
, Headaches - ANSWER pain anywhere in the cranial cavity (a.k.a.
cephalalgia)
Seizure Disorders - ANSWER
Head Injury - ANSWER
Spinal Cord Injury - ANSWER the type of paralysis is determined by the
level of the vertebra closest to the injury
Inflammatory disease of the Musculoskeletal System - ANSWER
Osteoporosis - ANSWER A condition in which the body's bones become
weak and break easily.
Osteopenia - ANSWER abnormal reduction of bone mass
Bursitis - ANSWER inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or
friction
Tendinitis - ANSWER inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or
unusual use of the joint
Final Exam 2025/2026
What is the link between major depression and cortisol secretion? - ANSWER
Individuals with depression show that persistently elevated plasma cortisol levels
can result in inflammation that is believed to trigger depression
A patient has chronic anemia associated with chronic renal failure. What substance
does the healthcare professional tell the patient is needed to treat this anemia? -
ANSWER Erythropoietin
What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children? - ANSWER
Periorbital edema
A patient is in the Emergency Department with heat stroke. What finding does the
healthcare provider associate with this condition? - ANSWER Absence of
sweating despite a high core temperature
Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the
passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis? -
ANSWER Abnormal uterine bleeding
,The health care professional is caring for a person who has a pathologic fracture.
The patient asks the professional to explain the condition. What response by the
professional is best? - ANSWER A fracture that happens at the site of an
abnormality already in that bone.
A patient has a temporary displacement of two bones in a joint causing the bone
surfaces to partially lose contact with each other. What treatment does the health
care professional prepare the patient for? - ANSWER Reduction and
immobilization
Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom? - ANSWER Excessive
mucus production
Stroke Volume (SV) - ANSWER measurement of the amount of blood
ejected from a ventricle in one contraction
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - ANSWER disease of the central nervous system
characterized by the demyelination (deterioration of the myelin sheath) of nerve
fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by
recovery (remission)
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - ANSWER Minor stroke; where
neurological function is regained quickly with time
Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWER autoimmune neuromuscular disorder
characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles
, Headaches - ANSWER pain anywhere in the cranial cavity (a.k.a.
cephalalgia)
Seizure Disorders - ANSWER
Head Injury - ANSWER
Spinal Cord Injury - ANSWER the type of paralysis is determined by the
level of the vertebra closest to the injury
Inflammatory disease of the Musculoskeletal System - ANSWER
Osteoporosis - ANSWER A condition in which the body's bones become
weak and break easily.
Osteopenia - ANSWER abnormal reduction of bone mass
Bursitis - ANSWER inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or
friction
Tendinitis - ANSWER inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or
unusual use of the joint
