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objective data information available through the senses, such as what is seen, felt, heard,
and smelled. Among the sources of data are the medical record, laboratory test results, reports of
diagnostic procedures, physical assess-ment, and examination findings. Examples of specific
data are age, height, weight, allergies, medication profile, and health history.
liver primary job is to metabolize medication
adverse drug reaction Any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to a
medication given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to overdose).
allergic reaction An immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual
sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication; a type of adverse drug event.
blood brain barrier The barrier system that restricts the passage of various chemicals and
microscopic entities (e.g., bacteria, viruses) between the bloodstream and the central nervous
system. It still allows for the passage of essential substances such as oxygen
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contraindication Any condition, especially one related to a disease state or patient
characteristic, including current or recent drug therapy, which renders a particular form of
treatment improper or undesirable
drug Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism.
first pass effect The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the
gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream.
generic name The name given to a drug by the United States Adopted Names Council.
Also called the nonproprietary name. The generic name is much shorter and simpler than the
chemical name and is not protected by trademark.
parental/ IV route fastest route, quicker absorption
pharmacokinetics involve ingestion, excretion, metabolism, and absorption
excretion kidney failure patients will have a challenge with this
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absorption definition the process of being absorbed, for nourishment purposes. takes
places in the stomach and small intestine
absorption patients with gastric and bowels issues struggle with this
subcutaneous injected into the fatty layer under the dermal layer
slower absorption rate, due to lack of vascular
half-life In pharmacokinetics, the time required for half of an administered dose of drug to
be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be reduced by 50%
(also called elimination half-life
sublingual route administration of medication by placing it under the tongue and allowing
it to dissolve slowly
skin layers epidermis: transdermal patch, intradermal injection slow absorption rate
dermis: intradermal infejection