PSYC 290 Exam 3 Questions And Answers

What three factors are important in "living the good life" as an older adult? - ANS health, security, and kinship/support What 7 factors are associated with a position of higher status for older adults in some cultures? - ANS 1. Valuable knowledge 2. Controlling family resources 3. Engaging in useful and valued functions 4. Their role is continuous throughout the lifespan 5. Age related role changes involve greater responsibility, authority, and advisory capacity 6. Older adults being integrated in extended family 7. Higher levels of respect for older adults (more prominent in collectivist cultures like China and India) What is the life expectancy for women and men in the US? - ANS women: 83.3 men: 79.5 Which country has the lowest life expectancy among developed countries? - ANS U.S. Which country has the highest life expectancy? - ANS South Korea What is the life expectancy in South Korea? - ANS women: 90.8 This is the first nation to break the 90 year life expectancy barrier What country has the highest child and maternal mortality rate, homicide rate, and BMI of high income countries? - ANS U.S. Explain the difference in life expectancies for various ethnic groups in America: What is the life expectancy for Latinos, African Americans, and non-latino whites? - ANS Latinos: 82.9 (women); 80.3 (men) Whites: 78.8 (women); 76.5 (men) African-Amer: 73.1 (women); 72 (men) What's one reason for these differences among ethnicities - ANS Education, and some experts believe that closing this gap may not be possible Who has the highest life expectancy in virtually all species? - ANS Females Why do females live longer? - ANS -Women have more resistance to infections and degenerative diseases -Estrogen helps protect from atherosclerosis -Their extra X chromosome is associated with the production of more antibodies (helps fight off disease) What are the stages of Eriksons lifespan development that influence middle and late adulthood? - ANS Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation (18-40) Stage 7: Generatively vs. Stagnation (40-65) Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair (65+) Explain Eriksons 6th stage - ANS Intimacy vs. Isolation (18-40) During this stage, we are trying to find intimate connections with another person. If we are successful we will have a positive outcome. If we fail, we will become socially isolated Explain Eriksons 7th stage - ANS Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-65) During this stage, we become aware that we are getting closer to death. If we successfully navigate this stage, we find greater purpose in life. If not we become focused on ourselves and selfishness follows Explain Eriksons 8th stage - ANS Integrity vs. Despair (65+) During this stage, we know that death is near and we reflect on life. If we look back and see a fulfilling life, we face death with integrity and wisdom. If not, then we often feel despair and fear death What is Kubler-rosses theory? - ANS the Five Stages of Grief What are the five stages of grief according to Kubler-Ross? - ANS Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance Explain the development of the five stages of grief theory - ANS The theory was initially developed to help terminally ill individuals accept their impending death. The model was later adopted by author and grief expert David Kessler to apply to tragedy and grief. How do our gender roles change when we become older adults? - ANS -femininity decreases in women and masculinity decreases in men -older men become more feminine (nurturant and sensitive) but women do not become more masculine (assertive and dominant) -men in their 70s are more likely than younger men to endorse androgynous traits -women in their 80s were less likely than younger women to endorse masculine and androgynous traits -married men are more likely to endorse stereotypically masculine traits but also to have higher androgyny scores than unmarried older men What double jeopardy do elderly women face? - ANS ageism and sexism How is the attachment theory relevant in middle and late adulthood? - ANS Attachment theory, initially studied in the 1960s and 70s was primarily in the context of children but was extended to adults and their relationships *Bowlby's theory of attachment What parts of adult relationships can the attachment theory be applied to? - ANS friendships emotional affairs adult romantic or carnal relationships platonic friendships relationships with inanimate objects What are the 4 main styles of attachment in adults? - ANS Secure Anxious-ambivalent Dismissive-avoidant Fearful-avoidant How does attachment change as we age? - ANS Attachment anxiety decreases with age Older adults have fewer attachment relationships Attachment security is linked to psychological and physical well-being in older adults What role do hormones play in the aging process? - ANS When we experience stressors, the body releases hormones. When we age, the hormones remain at elevated levels longer than they did when we were younger. These prolonged elevated levels of stress are associated with increased risks for CVD, cancer, DM, HTN. Exercise can be a stress-buffering strategy cognitive (1)_________ are more likely to decline in older age than are cognitive (2)__________ - ANS (1) Cognitive mechanics: the neurophysiological architecture, including the brain (2) Cognitive pragmatics: the culture-based software of the mind What processes decline in older adults? - ANS Speed of processing Attention on complex tasks