RUSH - ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY

ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY - NSG 531 - EXAM 1 Drug Answer a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease and a substance, other than food, intended to affect the structure or any function of the body T/F most drugs are strong acids or strong bases Answer F - most drugs are weak acids or weak bases what are the four things that the body does to a drug? Answer 1. absorbs it 2. distributes it (think about it - most drugs don't have MOA in the stomach or GI tract, the body distributes to where it acts) 3. biotransforms or metabolizes it 4. eliminates it Pharmacokinetics Answer what the body does to the drug Describe absorption Answer drugs that are given orally have to get out of the gut and into circulation in order to do that the drugs have to pass through cell membranes this means there has to be some form of solubility for the drug to pass through the cell membrane cell membranes are made of lipids therefore drugs have to have some form of lipid solubility What are cell membranes made of? Answer phsopholipid bilayer What is the only route of drug that does not have to pass through the cell membrane? Answer IV push - because it goes directly into circulation What are the four mechanisms of transport across the cell membrane? Answer 1. simple diffusion 2. channel-mediated 3. carrier-mediated 4. Active Transport Simple diffusion - what has to be true? Answer -drug has to be lipid soluble -there has to be a concentration gradient present -if a drug is high in fat solubility it is not going to be very water soluble - these two properties balance each other out If a drug is high in lipid solubility and it is able to be transported by simple diffusion, what will happen once it crosses the cell membrane? Answer it may meet an aqueous solution and because it is not highly water soluble it will need to bind to a carrier protein to be transported throughout the circulation