Samenvatting Private International Law
Inhoud
HC1 Introduction............................................................................................ 3
What is Private International Law?..................................................................................3
Concept........................................................................................................................ 3
The Trinity of Private International Law:........................................................................4
Triangle of PIL in BE:..................................................................................................... 4
Scope of PIL.................................................................................................................. 4
Complex parts of PIL..................................................................................................... 4
PIL new frontiers?......................................................................................................... 5
Recap:.......................................................................................................................... 5
HC2 History...................................................................................................5
Jurisdiction....................................................................................................................... 5
A tale of two x two jurisdictions....................................................................................5
A Multi-jurisdictional world............................................................................................ 6
Transboundary Special Jurisdiction...............................................................................6
Recap Jurisdiction......................................................................................................... 6
A Brief History of Private International Law.....................................................................7
Personal Jurisdiction & Extraterritoriality......................................................................7
Recap.............................................................................................................................. 9
HC3 History...................................................................................................9
Consular Courts............................................................................................................... 9
International Shanghai (1863-1941)...........................................................................10
Mixed courts.................................................................................................................. 10
Case study: PIL in the Tangier International Zone (1923-1956/60)..............................10
Manufacturing Prosperity?.............................................................................................11
PIL throughout recent western history...........................................................................11
International treaties.................................................................................................. 12
History of EU PIL......................................................................................................... 12
History of Belgian PIL.................................................................................................. 14
How does the Triangle of PIL in BE work.....................................................................14
Recap............................................................................................................................ 14
HC4-9 PIL today + Brussels Ia.......................................................................15
PIL Today....................................................................................................................... 15
Main Principles of PIL Today........................................................................................15
Legal basis for EU PIL.................................................................................................. 16
EU PIL today............................................................................................................... 17
Brussels I Recast........................................................................................................... 17
General principles....................................................................................................... 18
Main jurisdiction principles......................................................................................... 19
The Matrix – Jurisdiction Step-by-Step........................................................................20
Recognition & Enforcement, Art 36-60........................................................................64
HC10 Rome I & Rome II.................................................................................70
Introduction................................................................................................................... 70
Recap......................................................................................................................... 70
1
, Preliminary remarks Rome I & Rome II........................................................................70
Rome I & Rome II........................................................................................................... 70
Rome I – Contractual obligations................................................................................71
Rome II – Non-contractual obligations.........................................................................77
HC12 International Commercial Courts..........................................................79
Introduction................................................................................................................... 79
What is an ICC............................................................................................................ 79
Background................................................................................................................ 79
Why ICC...................................................................................................................... 80
Types of ICC................................................................................................................... 80
Integrated ICC’s.......................................................................................................... 81
Special economic zone ICC’s......................................................................................81
Hybrid ICC’s................................................................................................................ 82
Characteristics ICC’s...................................................................................................... 83
ICC’s as digital courts................................................................................................. 83
Issues with ICC’s......................................................................................................... 83
How/why would you create ICC in Belgium?...............................................................83
Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 83
HC13 Guest lecture 1: Transport law & PIL.....................................................84
Introduction................................................................................................................... 84
General introduction................................................................................................... 84
Various actors in Transport Law..................................................................................84
Applicable legal framework in Transport Law..............................................................85
Private International Law aspects of transport law........................................................86
Private International Law Aspects in Specific Transport Conventions..........................86
Applicable legal framework in Transport Law..............................................................86
Multiplicity of carriers and the impact on Private International Law aspects...............91
Forum Shopping – practical applications.....................................................................93
Lis Pendens................................................................................................................. 94
HC14 Guest lecture 2: Intellectual property & PIL..........................................95
Case.............................................................................................................................. 95
HC15 Guest lecture 3: Notary, Family law & PIL..............................................98
Notary public vs. Civil notary......................................................................................... 98
Main PIL instruments of the Belgian notary...................................................................98
Examples....................................................................................................................... 98
Example 1: Marriage of Mohamed and Salma.............................................................98
Example 2: Marriage of Joe and Arlene.....................................................................101
Example 3: A Belgian couple who have entered into a Dutch registered partnership
get married............................................................................................................... 102
Example 4: Succession planning of Willem-Alexander and Maxima..........................103
Example 5: Succession of Harry...............................................................................104
Belgian Consular code................................................................................................. 105
Crossroads with the notary public: certification or legalization of signatures..............105
HC16 Guest lecture 4: Corporate law & PIL + 3rd Party Litigation Funding. . . .106
Third-party litigation funding.......................................................................................106
Third-Party Litigation Funding (TPLF): what are we talking about?............................106
2
, The regulation of TPLF in the EU: state of play.........................................................106
TPLF and private international law: selected questions............................................107
Corporate law & PIL in practice...................................................................................108
First case: Battle of the forms...................................................................................108
Second case: international bunkering sector............................................................109
Third case: Arbitration versus Litigation...................................................................111
Fourth case: Belgian Service Provider.......................................................................112
HC17 Guest lecture 5: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) & PIL................113
Introduction................................................................................................................. 113
CSR & PIL.................................................................................................................... 114
Role of PIL in CSR...................................................................................................... 114
Importance of PIL...................................................................................................... 114
PIL rules & cases in EU and UK.................................................................................114
HC1 Introduction
What is Private International Law?
Concept
• Different kinds of descriptions:
o “Private law that is international”
o “PIL in essence is the legal system above the legal systems”
o “The math of laws”
• Why PIL?
3
, o Not often anymore is a case purely national
o => PIL = system regulating where to go and what law to apply
The Trinity of Private International Law:
• What is PIL: regulating private cross- border disputes (in essence)
o 1) Jurisdiction: which court has jurisdiction?
o 2) Applicable law: which laws must be applied?
A court can apply foreign laws (e.g. BE court can apply US law)
If a court applies own nat. laws = “gleichlauf”
o 3) Recognition & Enforcement of Foreign Judgements: how can judgements be recognized and
enforced outside of home jurisdiction?
E.g. can I enforce a judgement of a BE lawyer in France?
“Judgements” includes arbitral awards
• Public law: dealings between states / other international organizations
• PIL is both national and international (and European in the EU) => national laws, treaties, regulations, …, all
apply
Triangle of PIL in BE:
• PIL exists in:
o EU law (Brussels I, Rome I, Rome II)
This is what we will focus on in this course
o Belgian national law (WIPR)
o International Treaties (e.g. the Hague conventions on enforcement), Bilateral treaties
Scope of PIL
• Covering all private law topics but not questions of substantive law
o Focus on how and where to handle cases with a ‘foreign’ element
International/foreign element needed to trigger PIL, otherwise it won’t apply / isn’t needed
o Not the actual ‘solving’ of the case, rather finding the right forum and laws for it.
The actual solving is done under the designated forum and laws –i.e. all laws you have learned
and will still learn in Leuven/beyond
• PIL as the ‘math of laws’ – the matrix
o But it’s still law => many grey zones
• ALL private law:
o Nationality, dual nationality
o Cross-border:
Divorce
Child abduction
Really depends on where the child is being taken and then we’ll have to apply the laws
of that country to get the kid back
Inheritance
Contracts
Torts
o International Arbitration
o Foreign recognition and enforcement of judgements/awards
o How to deal with “foreign concepts to our legal order”?
Triple talaq divorces: A man can say 3 times I divorce you and then the marriage is over => is this
being recognized in BE?
Double-decker Nigerian marriages: when you marry under 2 laws => Nigerian law allows it
Kafala: type of Islamic law adoption
…..
Complex parts of PIL
• Private Int’l Law or Conflicts of Laws?
4
Inhoud
HC1 Introduction............................................................................................ 3
What is Private International Law?..................................................................................3
Concept........................................................................................................................ 3
The Trinity of Private International Law:........................................................................4
Triangle of PIL in BE:..................................................................................................... 4
Scope of PIL.................................................................................................................. 4
Complex parts of PIL..................................................................................................... 4
PIL new frontiers?......................................................................................................... 5
Recap:.......................................................................................................................... 5
HC2 History...................................................................................................5
Jurisdiction....................................................................................................................... 5
A tale of two x two jurisdictions....................................................................................5
A Multi-jurisdictional world............................................................................................ 6
Transboundary Special Jurisdiction...............................................................................6
Recap Jurisdiction......................................................................................................... 6
A Brief History of Private International Law.....................................................................7
Personal Jurisdiction & Extraterritoriality......................................................................7
Recap.............................................................................................................................. 9
HC3 History...................................................................................................9
Consular Courts............................................................................................................... 9
International Shanghai (1863-1941)...........................................................................10
Mixed courts.................................................................................................................. 10
Case study: PIL in the Tangier International Zone (1923-1956/60)..............................10
Manufacturing Prosperity?.............................................................................................11
PIL throughout recent western history...........................................................................11
International treaties.................................................................................................. 12
History of EU PIL......................................................................................................... 12
History of Belgian PIL.................................................................................................. 14
How does the Triangle of PIL in BE work.....................................................................14
Recap............................................................................................................................ 14
HC4-9 PIL today + Brussels Ia.......................................................................15
PIL Today....................................................................................................................... 15
Main Principles of PIL Today........................................................................................15
Legal basis for EU PIL.................................................................................................. 16
EU PIL today............................................................................................................... 17
Brussels I Recast........................................................................................................... 17
General principles....................................................................................................... 18
Main jurisdiction principles......................................................................................... 19
The Matrix – Jurisdiction Step-by-Step........................................................................20
Recognition & Enforcement, Art 36-60........................................................................64
HC10 Rome I & Rome II.................................................................................70
Introduction................................................................................................................... 70
Recap......................................................................................................................... 70
1
, Preliminary remarks Rome I & Rome II........................................................................70
Rome I & Rome II........................................................................................................... 70
Rome I – Contractual obligations................................................................................71
Rome II – Non-contractual obligations.........................................................................77
HC12 International Commercial Courts..........................................................79
Introduction................................................................................................................... 79
What is an ICC............................................................................................................ 79
Background................................................................................................................ 79
Why ICC...................................................................................................................... 80
Types of ICC................................................................................................................... 80
Integrated ICC’s.......................................................................................................... 81
Special economic zone ICC’s......................................................................................81
Hybrid ICC’s................................................................................................................ 82
Characteristics ICC’s...................................................................................................... 83
ICC’s as digital courts................................................................................................. 83
Issues with ICC’s......................................................................................................... 83
How/why would you create ICC in Belgium?...............................................................83
Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 83
HC13 Guest lecture 1: Transport law & PIL.....................................................84
Introduction................................................................................................................... 84
General introduction................................................................................................... 84
Various actors in Transport Law..................................................................................84
Applicable legal framework in Transport Law..............................................................85
Private International Law aspects of transport law........................................................86
Private International Law Aspects in Specific Transport Conventions..........................86
Applicable legal framework in Transport Law..............................................................86
Multiplicity of carriers and the impact on Private International Law aspects...............91
Forum Shopping – practical applications.....................................................................93
Lis Pendens................................................................................................................. 94
HC14 Guest lecture 2: Intellectual property & PIL..........................................95
Case.............................................................................................................................. 95
HC15 Guest lecture 3: Notary, Family law & PIL..............................................98
Notary public vs. Civil notary......................................................................................... 98
Main PIL instruments of the Belgian notary...................................................................98
Examples....................................................................................................................... 98
Example 1: Marriage of Mohamed and Salma.............................................................98
Example 2: Marriage of Joe and Arlene.....................................................................101
Example 3: A Belgian couple who have entered into a Dutch registered partnership
get married............................................................................................................... 102
Example 4: Succession planning of Willem-Alexander and Maxima..........................103
Example 5: Succession of Harry...............................................................................104
Belgian Consular code................................................................................................. 105
Crossroads with the notary public: certification or legalization of signatures..............105
HC16 Guest lecture 4: Corporate law & PIL + 3rd Party Litigation Funding. . . .106
Third-party litigation funding.......................................................................................106
Third-Party Litigation Funding (TPLF): what are we talking about?............................106
2
, The regulation of TPLF in the EU: state of play.........................................................106
TPLF and private international law: selected questions............................................107
Corporate law & PIL in practice...................................................................................108
First case: Battle of the forms...................................................................................108
Second case: international bunkering sector............................................................109
Third case: Arbitration versus Litigation...................................................................111
Fourth case: Belgian Service Provider.......................................................................112
HC17 Guest lecture 5: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) & PIL................113
Introduction................................................................................................................. 113
CSR & PIL.................................................................................................................... 114
Role of PIL in CSR...................................................................................................... 114
Importance of PIL...................................................................................................... 114
PIL rules & cases in EU and UK.................................................................................114
HC1 Introduction
What is Private International Law?
Concept
• Different kinds of descriptions:
o “Private law that is international”
o “PIL in essence is the legal system above the legal systems”
o “The math of laws”
• Why PIL?
3
, o Not often anymore is a case purely national
o => PIL = system regulating where to go and what law to apply
The Trinity of Private International Law:
• What is PIL: regulating private cross- border disputes (in essence)
o 1) Jurisdiction: which court has jurisdiction?
o 2) Applicable law: which laws must be applied?
A court can apply foreign laws (e.g. BE court can apply US law)
If a court applies own nat. laws = “gleichlauf”
o 3) Recognition & Enforcement of Foreign Judgements: how can judgements be recognized and
enforced outside of home jurisdiction?
E.g. can I enforce a judgement of a BE lawyer in France?
“Judgements” includes arbitral awards
• Public law: dealings between states / other international organizations
• PIL is both national and international (and European in the EU) => national laws, treaties, regulations, …, all
apply
Triangle of PIL in BE:
• PIL exists in:
o EU law (Brussels I, Rome I, Rome II)
This is what we will focus on in this course
o Belgian national law (WIPR)
o International Treaties (e.g. the Hague conventions on enforcement), Bilateral treaties
Scope of PIL
• Covering all private law topics but not questions of substantive law
o Focus on how and where to handle cases with a ‘foreign’ element
International/foreign element needed to trigger PIL, otherwise it won’t apply / isn’t needed
o Not the actual ‘solving’ of the case, rather finding the right forum and laws for it.
The actual solving is done under the designated forum and laws –i.e. all laws you have learned
and will still learn in Leuven/beyond
• PIL as the ‘math of laws’ – the matrix
o But it’s still law => many grey zones
• ALL private law:
o Nationality, dual nationality
o Cross-border:
Divorce
Child abduction
Really depends on where the child is being taken and then we’ll have to apply the laws
of that country to get the kid back
Inheritance
Contracts
Torts
o International Arbitration
o Foreign recognition and enforcement of judgements/awards
o How to deal with “foreign concepts to our legal order”?
Triple talaq divorces: A man can say 3 times I divorce you and then the marriage is over => is this
being recognized in BE?
Double-decker Nigerian marriages: when you marry under 2 laws => Nigerian law allows it
Kafala: type of Islamic law adoption
…..
Complex parts of PIL
• Private Int’l Law or Conflicts of Laws?
4
