BIO 351 Final Exam with |! |! |! |! |!
precise detailed solutions |! |!
A promoter is required for the initiation of which of the following processes?
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
- Correct answer ✔Transcription
|! |! |!
Why is the initially transcribed RNA precursor much larger than the mature
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
mRNA? - Correct answer ✔The initial transcript contains introns, which are
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
removed by spilcing |! |!
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about enhancers? -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Correct answer ✔Transcription factors bind to enhancers
|! |! |! |! |! |!
Which of the following techniques would allow you to visualize gene
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
expression in a living zebra fish embryo, thus permitting repeated
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
observations over time? - Correct answer ✔Fluorescent transgenic reporter|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
A transgene was constructed that mutated the MEF-2 site, but not the E1 site.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
The mutant MEF-2 site transgene was expressed in all muscles except limbs.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
What would you conclude about the MEF-2 site? - Correct answer ✔It directs
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
expression of the transgene in the limb muscle only
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
If the MEF-2 site directs expression of the LacZ gene in certain skeletal
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
muscles, what must it bind to? - Correct answer ✔Transcription factors
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
,A transgenic mouse is not a chimera, why? - Correct answer
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
✔Electroporation of vector DNA into ES cells results in an embryo in which |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
all cells have the transgene
|! |! |! |!
What will be the result of thymidine kinase gene (TK) being incorporated
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
into an ES cell's genome? - Correct answer ✔It will make cells sensitive to
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Glancyclovir
You want to knockout the Zombie gene in the brain only. What will allow
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
you to do this experiment? - Correct answer ✔A mouse with a Cre
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
recombinase that is expressed in the brain and a mouse with a floxed Zombie
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
allele
You have ES cells that have passed through double selection for your
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
knockout experiment. What is your next step? - Correct answer ✔Inject the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
ES cells into a blastocyst
|! |! |! |!
During the period of limb bud outgrowth, a developmental biologist has
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
transplanted some mesenchyme from underneath the AER of a forelimb bud|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
an moved it underneath the AER of the hindlimb bud. What would you
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
expect from this surgically altered limb bud? - Correct answer ✔An
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
appendage that is proximal leg and distal wing |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
The__ is the morphogen expressed in the __ that caudalizes the limb bud -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Correct answer ✔SHH, zone of polarizing activity
|! |! |! |! |! |!
,Which of the following terms describes the step at which cells are committed
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
to a particular cell fate, but it is still reversible? - Correct answer
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
✔Specification
A parasitic infection of the frog embryo has resulted in the following defect.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
The parasites induced expression of __ and the formation of extra__. (Photo
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
shows frog will multiple hind limbs) - Correct answer ✔FGF8, apical
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
ectodermal ridge |!
Scientists have created a transgenic chick embryo that expresses Tbx5 in both
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
the forelimb and hindlimb bud regions but no Tbx4. What would you expect
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
to see? - Correct answer ✔A chicken with 4 legs
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
EMS cell normally divides and gives rise to cells that will form the mesoderm
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and endoderm. If killing the P2 cells leads to the disruption of
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
differentiation, which of the following best describes the process taking |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
place? - Correct answer ✔Conditional specification of the EMS cell
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an outstanding model for
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
developmental genetics due to several features. Which of the following is not |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
a feature of this nematode? - Correct answer ✔Every cell in this nematode
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
undergoes autonomous specification |! |!
Spermatozoa that are harvested from the epididymis for IVF in men with |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
blockage of their vas deferens are incompetent to fertilize eggs. What must
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
first happen for successful fertilization? - Correct answer ✔Capacitation
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
, In sea urchins, the acrosome reaction: - Correct answer ✔releases enzymes
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
necessary for penetrating egg jelly |! |! |! |!
During cortical granule exocytosis, these granules release__ and this allows
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
for the influx of __ and this causes the formation of the __. - Correct answer
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
✔Serine proteases, H2O, fertilization envelope
|! |! |! |!
You have made a mouse in which the Zp3 gene was knocked out. What is the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
likely phenotype? - Correct answer ✔The eggs cannot be fertilized because
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
the sperm will not bind
|! |! |! |!
WHich of the following terms describes the process by which the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
chromosomes of the egg and those of the sperm combine just before the |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
beginning of the first mitotic division? - Correct answer ✔Syngamy
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
In humans, there is a genetic syndrome called situs inversus in which the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
internal organs are located on the opposite sides than normal individuals.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Which of the following structures is most likely affected in development to
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
produce this phenotype? - Correct answer ✔Node
|! |! |! |! |! |!
During gastrulation, cells of the epiblast migrate through__ to form the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
mesoderm and endoderm - Correct answer ✔Primitive streak |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Which of the following produces right-left symmetry in the mouse embryo? -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Correct answer ✔Unidirectional flow in nodal cilia
|! |! |! |! |! |!
precise detailed solutions |! |!
A promoter is required for the initiation of which of the following processes?
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
- Correct answer ✔Transcription
|! |! |!
Why is the initially transcribed RNA precursor much larger than the mature
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
mRNA? - Correct answer ✔The initial transcript contains introns, which are
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
removed by spilcing |! |!
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about enhancers? -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Correct answer ✔Transcription factors bind to enhancers
|! |! |! |! |! |!
Which of the following techniques would allow you to visualize gene
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
expression in a living zebra fish embryo, thus permitting repeated
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
observations over time? - Correct answer ✔Fluorescent transgenic reporter|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
A transgene was constructed that mutated the MEF-2 site, but not the E1 site.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
The mutant MEF-2 site transgene was expressed in all muscles except limbs.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
What would you conclude about the MEF-2 site? - Correct answer ✔It directs
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
expression of the transgene in the limb muscle only
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
If the MEF-2 site directs expression of the LacZ gene in certain skeletal
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
muscles, what must it bind to? - Correct answer ✔Transcription factors
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
,A transgenic mouse is not a chimera, why? - Correct answer
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
✔Electroporation of vector DNA into ES cells results in an embryo in which |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
all cells have the transgene
|! |! |! |!
What will be the result of thymidine kinase gene (TK) being incorporated
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
into an ES cell's genome? - Correct answer ✔It will make cells sensitive to
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Glancyclovir
You want to knockout the Zombie gene in the brain only. What will allow
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
you to do this experiment? - Correct answer ✔A mouse with a Cre
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
recombinase that is expressed in the brain and a mouse with a floxed Zombie
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
allele
You have ES cells that have passed through double selection for your
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
knockout experiment. What is your next step? - Correct answer ✔Inject the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
ES cells into a blastocyst
|! |! |! |!
During the period of limb bud outgrowth, a developmental biologist has
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
transplanted some mesenchyme from underneath the AER of a forelimb bud|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
an moved it underneath the AER of the hindlimb bud. What would you
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
expect from this surgically altered limb bud? - Correct answer ✔An
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
appendage that is proximal leg and distal wing |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
The__ is the morphogen expressed in the __ that caudalizes the limb bud -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Correct answer ✔SHH, zone of polarizing activity
|! |! |! |! |! |!
,Which of the following terms describes the step at which cells are committed
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
to a particular cell fate, but it is still reversible? - Correct answer
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
✔Specification
A parasitic infection of the frog embryo has resulted in the following defect.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
The parasites induced expression of __ and the formation of extra__. (Photo
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
shows frog will multiple hind limbs) - Correct answer ✔FGF8, apical
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
ectodermal ridge |!
Scientists have created a transgenic chick embryo that expresses Tbx5 in both
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
the forelimb and hindlimb bud regions but no Tbx4. What would you expect
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
to see? - Correct answer ✔A chicken with 4 legs
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
EMS cell normally divides and gives rise to cells that will form the mesoderm
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
and endoderm. If killing the P2 cells leads to the disruption of
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
differentiation, which of the following best describes the process taking |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
place? - Correct answer ✔Conditional specification of the EMS cell
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an outstanding model for
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
developmental genetics due to several features. Which of the following is not |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
a feature of this nematode? - Correct answer ✔Every cell in this nematode
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
undergoes autonomous specification |! |!
Spermatozoa that are harvested from the epididymis for IVF in men with |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
blockage of their vas deferens are incompetent to fertilize eggs. What must
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
first happen for successful fertilization? - Correct answer ✔Capacitation
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
, In sea urchins, the acrosome reaction: - Correct answer ✔releases enzymes
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
necessary for penetrating egg jelly |! |! |! |!
During cortical granule exocytosis, these granules release__ and this allows
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
for the influx of __ and this causes the formation of the __. - Correct answer
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
✔Serine proteases, H2O, fertilization envelope
|! |! |! |!
You have made a mouse in which the Zp3 gene was knocked out. What is the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
likely phenotype? - Correct answer ✔The eggs cannot be fertilized because
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
the sperm will not bind
|! |! |! |!
WHich of the following terms describes the process by which the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
chromosomes of the egg and those of the sperm combine just before the |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
beginning of the first mitotic division? - Correct answer ✔Syngamy
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
In humans, there is a genetic syndrome called situs inversus in which the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
internal organs are located on the opposite sides than normal individuals.
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Which of the following structures is most likely affected in development to
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
produce this phenotype? - Correct answer ✔Node
|! |! |! |! |! |!
During gastrulation, cells of the epiblast migrate through__ to form the
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
mesoderm and endoderm - Correct answer ✔Primitive streak |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Which of the following produces right-left symmetry in the mouse embryo? -
|! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |! |!
Correct answer ✔Unidirectional flow in nodal cilia
|! |! |! |! |! |!
