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,what are isomers - <<answer>>>..isomers are two
compounds with the same molecular formula that are
different
What are the three types of isomers? - <<answer>>>..1.
Structural (constitutional) isomers
2. Stereoisomers (two types) - enantiomers and
diasteromers
3. Geometric isomers (also known as cis and trans
isomers)
what is a structural (constitutional) isomer? -
<<answer>>>..different bonding arrangement of atoms.
atoms are bonded together in a different sequence
what is a stereoisomer? what are the two types of
stereoisomers? - <<answer>>>..stereoisomers: atoms are
bonded together in the same sequence, but have different
3-D arrangement in space
enantiomers: non-superimposable mirror images
diasteromers: stereoisomers that are not enantiomers: not
superimposable and not mirror images
what is a chiral atom? - <<answer>>>..an atom that has
four different groups attached to it
If a chiral atoms is in the "R" configuration, in what
direction does the arc go?
, if a chiral atom is in the "S" configuration, in what
direction does the arc go? - <<answer>>>..-R
configuration - clockwise
-S configuration - counterclockwise
how many chiral centers does a diastereomer need to
have? - <<answer>>>..at least 2
how does molecular weight relate to water-solubility? -
<<answer>>>..the larger the molecular weight, the lower
the water solubility
-How does the presence of hydrogen-bonding change the
water-solubility?
-What can hydrogen-bond with water? - <<answer>>>..-
increases water solubility
-alcohols, amines, C=O, ethers, and F
What shape of a molecule can make a substance less
water-soluble and why - <<answer>>>..The more linear,
the less water soluble, due to a greater non-polar surface
area than a branched molecule of the same molecular
weight
what is the molecular geometry of CO -
<<answer>>>..linear
what is the molecular geometry of BeF2 -
<<answer>>>..linear