Penn Foster Intro to Biology Exam Study Guide question with answers
_____ are the smallest units of life - -Cells
-What's the correct order of biological organization? - -Population, community, ecosystem,
biosphere
-Modification that makes organisms more suited to their environment is called a/an - -
Adaptation
-Domain whose members live in very harsh environments--like salt lakes and hot springs - -
Archaea
-Control groups, during an experiment, are - -Identical to experimental group in all area except
the variable being tested
-The _____ is a subatomic particle that carries a positive electrical charge - -Proton
-When an atom has two or more electron shells, the outter shell will be more stable if it
contains 8 electrons. This concept is called: - -Octet Rule
-When two oxygen atoms join together, a _______ is formed - -Molecule
-The _____ bond is a type of atomic bond in which atoms share electrons to produce a
complete outter shell - -Covalent
-The polarity of water molecules causes them to be attracted to one another by a _____ bond -
-Hydrogen
-As the number of hydrogen ions in a solution increases, the pH of the solution - -Decreases
-During winter only the upper surface of a lake freezes, which allows for life to persist below
the surface. Which of water's unique properties is responsible for this phenomenon? - -Lower
density as ice
-The most abundant element by weight in the human body is - -Oxygen
-The polysaccharide structural carbohydrate most commonly used by living things is - -Cellulose
-Which one of the following functional groups is associated with fatty acids? - -Carboxyl
-The hard body parts of insects and crabs are composed of a polysaccharide called - -Chitin
, -Cell membranes are composed of mainly which type of lipids? - -Phospholipids
-_____ proteins are made of polypeptide chains folded into rounded compact shapes - -
Globular
-When joined by a dehydration reaction, the covalent bond between the carboxyl groups of
two
amino acids is called a _______ bond. - -Peptide
-The sugar in RNA is: - -Ribose
-Within cells, the synthesis of proteins occurs in the - -Ribosomes
-What's the main function of the mitochondria? - -Producing ATP
-The _____ keep(s) the cytoplasm of Eukaryotic cells separate from the DNA - -Nuclear
Envelope
-Organelles that use solar energy to make carbohydrates are called - -Chloroplasts
-The _____ are sometimes called the "powerhouse" of the cell - -Mitochondria
-The cell-to-cell junctions that allow cells to communicate are called _______ junctions - -Gap
-In a/an _____ reaction, one reaction releases energy and the second uses energy - -Coupled
-Which is not a feature of enzymes? - -Destroyed by metabolic reactions
-Entropy refers to - -Relative amount of disorganization in a system
-Phagocytosis refers to - -Endocytosis
-_____ is movement of H2O across semipermeable membranes from high concentration to low
concentration - -Osmosis
-In the electron pathway for light reactions in photosynthesis, PSII involves - -Split water
-In plants that absorb blue-violet-green wavelengths of light, what color do they reflect? - -
Yellow-orange
-Example of a CAM plant - -Pineapple
-Final step of the Calvin cycle - -RuBP
_____ are the smallest units of life - -Cells
-What's the correct order of biological organization? - -Population, community, ecosystem,
biosphere
-Modification that makes organisms more suited to their environment is called a/an - -
Adaptation
-Domain whose members live in very harsh environments--like salt lakes and hot springs - -
Archaea
-Control groups, during an experiment, are - -Identical to experimental group in all area except
the variable being tested
-The _____ is a subatomic particle that carries a positive electrical charge - -Proton
-When an atom has two or more electron shells, the outter shell will be more stable if it
contains 8 electrons. This concept is called: - -Octet Rule
-When two oxygen atoms join together, a _______ is formed - -Molecule
-The _____ bond is a type of atomic bond in which atoms share electrons to produce a
complete outter shell - -Covalent
-The polarity of water molecules causes them to be attracted to one another by a _____ bond -
-Hydrogen
-As the number of hydrogen ions in a solution increases, the pH of the solution - -Decreases
-During winter only the upper surface of a lake freezes, which allows for life to persist below
the surface. Which of water's unique properties is responsible for this phenomenon? - -Lower
density as ice
-The most abundant element by weight in the human body is - -Oxygen
-The polysaccharide structural carbohydrate most commonly used by living things is - -Cellulose
-Which one of the following functional groups is associated with fatty acids? - -Carboxyl
-The hard body parts of insects and crabs are composed of a polysaccharide called - -Chitin
, -Cell membranes are composed of mainly which type of lipids? - -Phospholipids
-_____ proteins are made of polypeptide chains folded into rounded compact shapes - -
Globular
-When joined by a dehydration reaction, the covalent bond between the carboxyl groups of
two
amino acids is called a _______ bond. - -Peptide
-The sugar in RNA is: - -Ribose
-Within cells, the synthesis of proteins occurs in the - -Ribosomes
-What's the main function of the mitochondria? - -Producing ATP
-The _____ keep(s) the cytoplasm of Eukaryotic cells separate from the DNA - -Nuclear
Envelope
-Organelles that use solar energy to make carbohydrates are called - -Chloroplasts
-The _____ are sometimes called the "powerhouse" of the cell - -Mitochondria
-The cell-to-cell junctions that allow cells to communicate are called _______ junctions - -Gap
-In a/an _____ reaction, one reaction releases energy and the second uses energy - -Coupled
-Which is not a feature of enzymes? - -Destroyed by metabolic reactions
-Entropy refers to - -Relative amount of disorganization in a system
-Phagocytosis refers to - -Endocytosis
-_____ is movement of H2O across semipermeable membranes from high concentration to low
concentration - -Osmosis
-In the electron pathway for light reactions in photosynthesis, PSII involves - -Split water
-In plants that absorb blue-violet-green wavelengths of light, what color do they reflect? - -
Yellow-orange
-Example of a CAM plant - -Pineapple
-Final step of the Calvin cycle - -RuBP
