Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy
Question and answers already passed
2025
Medial-lateral stability - correct answer glutei & iliotibili band
Anatomy femoral component - correct answer - convex articulating surface
- femoral neck angle 126 degrees to shaft & 12 degrees to frontal plane (angle
of femoral torsion)
- head faces acetabulum medially, cranially & ventrally
Anatomy pelvic component - correct answer - concave articulating surface
(acetabulum)
- acetabular labrum continuous w/ rim
- transverse acetabular ligament completes circle
- acetabular notch permits vessels & nerves to pass in ligament of head
- articular far pad moves in/out of notch w/ pressure
Tension band - correct answer protects femur from excessive medial bending
deformation
Loose-packed position - correct answer - position in which capsule is most
relaxed
- minimal joint contact
- maximal joint play (accessory movement)
- hip: flex: 30d, abd:30d, slight external rotation
,Close-packed position - correct answer Position in which capsule is most
tensed. Maximal joint contact. Minimal joint play (accessory movement) Hip:
max. ext, slight int rotation, slight abd.
Capsular pattern - correct answer decreased movements due to entire
capsule being shortened e.g. OA
Hip: gross limitation of flex, abd, int rotation, limitation of ext, little or no
limitations of ext rotation
Extrinsic hip disorders - correct answer - hip & groin pain due to urogenital or
abdominal organ disease e.g. appendicitis
- disease of local structures e.g. lymphadenopathy
- referred pain from lumbar spine somatic structures (common), knee jt (rare),
SIJ (buttock pain)
- L1 or L2 radiculopathy (rare)
Intrinsic hip disorders - correct answer - groin or lateral thigh pain common
- buttock or posterior thigh pain infrequently
- may radiate anteriorly, above knee or to shin (rare)
- extent of referral largely related to degree of inflammation
Intrinsic hip disorders e.g. - correct answer osteoarthritis (OA)
Femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI)
Labral tears
Tendinopathies e.g. hams, adds, glut med
- greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS)
- Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) entrapment
Painful hip: elderly person, child
, Osteoarthritis (OA) - correct answer -common >50yrs
-pain & x-ray changes: poor correlation
-pain related to loading
-may have decreased ROM & muscle wasting
-may develop flex, ER deformity
-antalgic, swinging or Trendelenburg gait
Osteoarthritis management - correct answer -patient education
-weight loss
-passive joint mobilisation: physiological & accessory
-exercise: increase ROM, strengthen glutei, quads, unloaded exercise, e.g.
stationary bike, hydrotherapy
-OT e.g. home modification
-Analgesics, NSAIDs
-walking aids
-operative: THR
Femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) - correct answer -anatomic variation of
femoral head, acetabulum or both
-Cam (cog or bump: young athletic men), pincer (middle-aged women) or
mixed types
Cause: ? genetic? due to repetitive twisting forces during growth periods
-20% pop have FAI: ~20% of these have high hip pain
-associated w/ increased risk of intra-articular pathology e.g. labral tears,
chondral damage, OA
Question and answers already passed
2025
Medial-lateral stability - correct answer glutei & iliotibili band
Anatomy femoral component - correct answer - convex articulating surface
- femoral neck angle 126 degrees to shaft & 12 degrees to frontal plane (angle
of femoral torsion)
- head faces acetabulum medially, cranially & ventrally
Anatomy pelvic component - correct answer - concave articulating surface
(acetabulum)
- acetabular labrum continuous w/ rim
- transverse acetabular ligament completes circle
- acetabular notch permits vessels & nerves to pass in ligament of head
- articular far pad moves in/out of notch w/ pressure
Tension band - correct answer protects femur from excessive medial bending
deformation
Loose-packed position - correct answer - position in which capsule is most
relaxed
- minimal joint contact
- maximal joint play (accessory movement)
- hip: flex: 30d, abd:30d, slight external rotation
,Close-packed position - correct answer Position in which capsule is most
tensed. Maximal joint contact. Minimal joint play (accessory movement) Hip:
max. ext, slight int rotation, slight abd.
Capsular pattern - correct answer decreased movements due to entire
capsule being shortened e.g. OA
Hip: gross limitation of flex, abd, int rotation, limitation of ext, little or no
limitations of ext rotation
Extrinsic hip disorders - correct answer - hip & groin pain due to urogenital or
abdominal organ disease e.g. appendicitis
- disease of local structures e.g. lymphadenopathy
- referred pain from lumbar spine somatic structures (common), knee jt (rare),
SIJ (buttock pain)
- L1 or L2 radiculopathy (rare)
Intrinsic hip disorders - correct answer - groin or lateral thigh pain common
- buttock or posterior thigh pain infrequently
- may radiate anteriorly, above knee or to shin (rare)
- extent of referral largely related to degree of inflammation
Intrinsic hip disorders e.g. - correct answer osteoarthritis (OA)
Femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI)
Labral tears
Tendinopathies e.g. hams, adds, glut med
- greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS)
- Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) entrapment
Painful hip: elderly person, child
, Osteoarthritis (OA) - correct answer -common >50yrs
-pain & x-ray changes: poor correlation
-pain related to loading
-may have decreased ROM & muscle wasting
-may develop flex, ER deformity
-antalgic, swinging or Trendelenburg gait
Osteoarthritis management - correct answer -patient education
-weight loss
-passive joint mobilisation: physiological & accessory
-exercise: increase ROM, strengthen glutei, quads, unloaded exercise, e.g.
stationary bike, hydrotherapy
-OT e.g. home modification
-Analgesics, NSAIDs
-walking aids
-operative: THR
Femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) - correct answer -anatomic variation of
femoral head, acetabulum or both
-Cam (cog or bump: young athletic men), pincer (middle-aged women) or
mixed types
Cause: ? genetic? due to repetitive twisting forces during growth periods
-20% pop have FAI: ~20% of these have high hip pain
-associated w/ increased risk of intra-articular pathology e.g. labral tears,
chondral damage, OA
