UCI Bio 93 Midterm 1 questions with verified answers
Acids Ans✓✓✓ Increase H⁺ concentration (pH < 7).
Active Transport Ans✓✓✓ Movement of substances against their
concentration gradient, requiring ATP. Includes protein pumps (e.g.,
Na⁺/K⁺ pump) and cotransport mechanisms.
Adaptation Ans✓✓✓ A trait shaped by natural selection that enhances
an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.
Amino (-NH₂) Ans✓✓✓ Basic; picks up H⁺ (e.g., amino acids).
Amino Acid Ans✓✓✓ Building blocks of proteins, consisting of an
amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and an R group.
Amphipathic or Amphiphile Molecules Ans✓✓✓ Molecules with both
hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) regions
(e.g., phospholipids in cell membranes).
Atoms Ans✓✓✓ Smallest units of matter (e.g., H, O).
Atoms Ans✓✓✓ The basic units of matter, consisting of protons,
neutrons, and electrons.
,Autophagy Ans✓✓✓ The process by which cells degrade and recycle
their own damaged organelles or proteins using lysosomes.
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance Ans✓✓✓ A genetic inheritance
pattern where two copies of a recessive allele (one from each parent) are
required to express the trait or disease (e.g., cystic fibrosis).
Avogadro's Number Ans✓✓✓ 6.022×10²³, the number of molecules in
one mole of a substance.
Bases Ans✓✓✓ Reduce H⁺ concentration (pH > 7).
Buffer Ans✓✓✓ A substance that stabilizes pH by absorbing or
releasing H⁺ ions, resisting changes in acidity or alkalinity.
Carbohydrates Ans✓✓✓ Composed of monosaccharides (simple
sugars) with a general formula (CH2O)n(CH₂O)_n.
Carbohydrates Ans✓✓✓ Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen (1:2:1 ratio) that serve as energy sources and structural
materials.
Carbonyl (C=O) Ans✓✓✓ Found in sugars; polar (e.g., ketones,
aldehydes).
, Carboxyl (-COOH) Ans✓✓✓ Acidic; releases H⁺ (e.g., fatty acids,
amino acids).
Cell as a Basic Unit of Life Ans✓✓✓ The cell is the smallest functional
unit of life. All living organisms are made of cells (unicellular or
multicellular). Example: Bacteria (single-cell organism) vs. humans
(multicellular organism).
Cell Behavior in Hypertonic Solution (Animal Cells) Ans✓✓✓ Water
exits, cell shrinks (crenation).
Cell Behavior in Hypertonic Solution (Plant Cells) Ans✓✓✓ Water
exits, cell membrane detaches from wall (plasmolysis).
Cell Behavior in Hypotonic Solution (Animal Cells) Ans✓✓✓ Water
enters, cell swells and may burst (lysis).
Cell Behavior in Hypotonic Solution (Plant Cells) Ans✓✓✓ Water
enters, cell becomes turgid (ideal state).
Cell Behavior in Isotonic Solution (Animal Cells) Ans✓✓✓ No net
water movement; cell remains stable.
Cell Behavior in Isotonic Solution (Plant Cells) Ans✓✓✓ No net water
movement; cell becomes flaccid.
Acids Ans✓✓✓ Increase H⁺ concentration (pH < 7).
Active Transport Ans✓✓✓ Movement of substances against their
concentration gradient, requiring ATP. Includes protein pumps (e.g.,
Na⁺/K⁺ pump) and cotransport mechanisms.
Adaptation Ans✓✓✓ A trait shaped by natural selection that enhances
an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.
Amino (-NH₂) Ans✓✓✓ Basic; picks up H⁺ (e.g., amino acids).
Amino Acid Ans✓✓✓ Building blocks of proteins, consisting of an
amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and an R group.
Amphipathic or Amphiphile Molecules Ans✓✓✓ Molecules with both
hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) regions
(e.g., phospholipids in cell membranes).
Atoms Ans✓✓✓ Smallest units of matter (e.g., H, O).
Atoms Ans✓✓✓ The basic units of matter, consisting of protons,
neutrons, and electrons.
,Autophagy Ans✓✓✓ The process by which cells degrade and recycle
their own damaged organelles or proteins using lysosomes.
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance Ans✓✓✓ A genetic inheritance
pattern where two copies of a recessive allele (one from each parent) are
required to express the trait or disease (e.g., cystic fibrosis).
Avogadro's Number Ans✓✓✓ 6.022×10²³, the number of molecules in
one mole of a substance.
Bases Ans✓✓✓ Reduce H⁺ concentration (pH > 7).
Buffer Ans✓✓✓ A substance that stabilizes pH by absorbing or
releasing H⁺ ions, resisting changes in acidity or alkalinity.
Carbohydrates Ans✓✓✓ Composed of monosaccharides (simple
sugars) with a general formula (CH2O)n(CH₂O)_n.
Carbohydrates Ans✓✓✓ Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen (1:2:1 ratio) that serve as energy sources and structural
materials.
Carbonyl (C=O) Ans✓✓✓ Found in sugars; polar (e.g., ketones,
aldehydes).
, Carboxyl (-COOH) Ans✓✓✓ Acidic; releases H⁺ (e.g., fatty acids,
amino acids).
Cell as a Basic Unit of Life Ans✓✓✓ The cell is the smallest functional
unit of life. All living organisms are made of cells (unicellular or
multicellular). Example: Bacteria (single-cell organism) vs. humans
(multicellular organism).
Cell Behavior in Hypertonic Solution (Animal Cells) Ans✓✓✓ Water
exits, cell shrinks (crenation).
Cell Behavior in Hypertonic Solution (Plant Cells) Ans✓✓✓ Water
exits, cell membrane detaches from wall (plasmolysis).
Cell Behavior in Hypotonic Solution (Animal Cells) Ans✓✓✓ Water
enters, cell swells and may burst (lysis).
Cell Behavior in Hypotonic Solution (Plant Cells) Ans✓✓✓ Water
enters, cell becomes turgid (ideal state).
Cell Behavior in Isotonic Solution (Animal Cells) Ans✓✓✓ No net
water movement; cell remains stable.
Cell Behavior in Isotonic Solution (Plant Cells) Ans✓✓✓ No net water
movement; cell becomes flaccid.
