NBME Pharmacology Review
AChE inhibitors, organophosphates: - ANS-Atropine accompanied by using pralidoxime
Albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline: - ANS-beta2>beta1. Used for bronchial asthma.
Albuterol--acute bronchial asthma. Salmeterol--long time bronchial asthma or COPD control.
Terbutaline--reduces untimely uterine contractions.
All of these are used for hypertension besides? - ANS-tamsulosin.
Alpha-1 receptors: - ANS-G-protein elegance: q. These boom vascular clean muscle
contraction, boom the pupillary dilator muscle contraction (mydriasis), increased intestinal and
bladder sphincter muscle contraction
ALPHA-1 SELECTIVE BLOCKERS: Prazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin: - ANS-used for urinary
signs and symptoms of BPH. Toxicity--1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache
alpha-2 receptors: - ANS-GP elegance: i. These lower sympa outflow, lower insulin release,
lower lipolysis, growth platelet aggregation
ALPHA-2 SELECTIVE BLOCKERS: Mirtazapine: - ANS-treats melancholy. Toxicity--> sedation,
high serum cholesterol, excessive appetite.
Alpha-Methyldopa: - ANS-Used for hypertension in being pregnant. Is secure in pregnancy.
Toxicity--Direct coombs+ hemolytic anemia, SLE-like syndrome.
Amphetamine: - ANS-complements NE release on the nerve terminal.
Amphetamines (fundamental): - ANS-NH4Cl which acidifies the urine
Animal studies frequently use what in place of TD50? - ANS-LD50--or suggest deadly dose
ANTIDOTES--For Acetaminophen: - ANS-N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)
ANTIMICROBIALS: ending in -azole: - ANS-ergosterol synthesis inhibitor
ANTIMICROBIALS: finishing in -bendazole: - ANS-antiparasitic, antihelmintic
ANTIMICROBIALS: ending in -cillin: - ANS-peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors
ANTIMICROBIALS: ending in -cycline: - ANS-protein synthesis inhibitors
,ANTIMICROBIALS: ending in -ivir: - ANS-neuraminidase inhibitors
ANTIMICROBIALS: ending in -navir: - ANS-protease inhibitors
ANTIMICROBIALS: finishing in -ovir: - ANS-DNA pol inhibitors
ANTIMICROBIALS: finishing in -thromycin: - ANS-macrolide antibiotic
Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic dealers: - ANS-physostigmine salicylate, controls hyperthermia
Apparent Vd of plasma protein: - ANS-bound capsules can be altered by using liver and kidney
disease (low protein binding, excessive Vd). Vd=quantity of drug in body / plasma attention of
drug
AT-II receptors: - ANS-angiotensin II receptors are located on the presynaptic nerve terminal
and stimulate the discharge of NE from vesicles on the terminal.
Atropine motion in eye: - ANS-increases pupil dilation, cycloplegia
Atropine in airway: - ANS-reduces secretions
Atropine in bladder: - ANS-reduces urgency in cystitis
Atropine in gut: - ANS-reduces motility
Atropine in belly: - ANS-reduces acid secretion
Atropine toxicity: - ANS-accelerated body temp because of decreased sweating. Fast pulse, dry
mouth, dry flushed pores and skin and cycloplegia, constipation, disorientation. Can motive
angle-closure in glaucoma aged patients due to mydriasis. Causes urinary retention in guys with
prostatic hyperplasia. Causes hyperthermia in infants.
Atropine: - ANS-Is a muscarinic antagonist used to deal with bradycardia and used also for
ophthalmic functions
AUTONOMIC DRUS: ending in -chol: - ANS-cholinergic agonist
AUTONOMIC DRUS: ending in -curium or curonium: - ANS-non-depolarizing paralytics
AUTONOMIC DRUS: finishing in -olol: - ANS-beta-blockers
AUTONOMIC DRUS: ending in -stigmine: - ANS-AChE inhibitors
, AUTONOMIC DRUS: ending in -terol: - ANS-beta2-agonist
AUTONOMIC DRUS: finishing in -zosin: - ANS-alpha1-antagonist
Benzodiazepines: - ANS-flumazenil
Benztropine: - ANS-CNS--used for Parkinson's ailment
Beta-1 receptors: - ANS-GP elegance: s. These increase HR and contractility, increase renin
release and boom lipolysis
Beta-2 receptors: - ANS-GP class: s. These motive vasodilation and bronchodilation, increased
HR and contractility, extended lipolysis, multiplied insulin release, diminished uterine tone
(tocolysis), ciliary muscle rest, high aqueous humor production
Beta-blocker use in angina: - ANS-decreases HR and contractility resulting in diminished O2
intake.
Beta-blocker use in MI (which are used specifically?): - ANS-decrease mortality. Specifically
metoprolol, carvedilol, bisoprolol.
Beta-blockers for CHF: - ANS-gradual development of chronic failure
Beta-blockers for glaucoma: - ANS-timolol. Lower secretion of aqueous humor.
Beta-blockers for HTN: - ANS-decrease CO, decrease renin secretion because of
beta1-receptor blockade on JGA cells
Beta-blockers for SVT use (which of them?): - ANS-metoprolol, esmolol. Lower AV conduction
pace (magnificence II antiarrhythmics).
Beta-blockers: - ANS-glucagon
Botox does what? - ANS-prevents the discharge of neurotransmitter at all cholinergic nerve
terminals
Botulinum: - ANS-blocks the Ca2+-mediated launch of ACh at nerve terminals from the vesicles.
Bretylium: - ANS-aka guanethidine. Blocks NE launch from the nerve terminal.
Carbachol: - ANS-used for glaucoma, produces pupillary constriction, and relief of intraocular
strain. Looks exactly like ACh.
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUS: ending in -afil: - ANS-PDE-5 inhibitor
AChE inhibitors, organophosphates: - ANS-Atropine accompanied by using pralidoxime
Albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline: - ANS-beta2>beta1. Used for bronchial asthma.
Albuterol--acute bronchial asthma. Salmeterol--long time bronchial asthma or COPD control.
Terbutaline--reduces untimely uterine contractions.
All of these are used for hypertension besides? - ANS-tamsulosin.
Alpha-1 receptors: - ANS-G-protein elegance: q. These boom vascular clean muscle
contraction, boom the pupillary dilator muscle contraction (mydriasis), increased intestinal and
bladder sphincter muscle contraction
ALPHA-1 SELECTIVE BLOCKERS: Prazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin: - ANS-used for urinary
signs and symptoms of BPH. Toxicity--1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, headache
alpha-2 receptors: - ANS-GP elegance: i. These lower sympa outflow, lower insulin release,
lower lipolysis, growth platelet aggregation
ALPHA-2 SELECTIVE BLOCKERS: Mirtazapine: - ANS-treats melancholy. Toxicity--> sedation,
high serum cholesterol, excessive appetite.
Alpha-Methyldopa: - ANS-Used for hypertension in being pregnant. Is secure in pregnancy.
Toxicity--Direct coombs+ hemolytic anemia, SLE-like syndrome.
Amphetamine: - ANS-complements NE release on the nerve terminal.
Amphetamines (fundamental): - ANS-NH4Cl which acidifies the urine
Animal studies frequently use what in place of TD50? - ANS-LD50--or suggest deadly dose
ANTIDOTES--For Acetaminophen: - ANS-N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)
ANTIMICROBIALS: ending in -azole: - ANS-ergosterol synthesis inhibitor
ANTIMICROBIALS: finishing in -bendazole: - ANS-antiparasitic, antihelmintic
ANTIMICROBIALS: ending in -cillin: - ANS-peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors
ANTIMICROBIALS: ending in -cycline: - ANS-protein synthesis inhibitors
,ANTIMICROBIALS: ending in -ivir: - ANS-neuraminidase inhibitors
ANTIMICROBIALS: ending in -navir: - ANS-protease inhibitors
ANTIMICROBIALS: finishing in -ovir: - ANS-DNA pol inhibitors
ANTIMICROBIALS: finishing in -thromycin: - ANS-macrolide antibiotic
Antimuscarinic, anticholinergic dealers: - ANS-physostigmine salicylate, controls hyperthermia
Apparent Vd of plasma protein: - ANS-bound capsules can be altered by using liver and kidney
disease (low protein binding, excessive Vd). Vd=quantity of drug in body / plasma attention of
drug
AT-II receptors: - ANS-angiotensin II receptors are located on the presynaptic nerve terminal
and stimulate the discharge of NE from vesicles on the terminal.
Atropine motion in eye: - ANS-increases pupil dilation, cycloplegia
Atropine in airway: - ANS-reduces secretions
Atropine in bladder: - ANS-reduces urgency in cystitis
Atropine in gut: - ANS-reduces motility
Atropine in belly: - ANS-reduces acid secretion
Atropine toxicity: - ANS-accelerated body temp because of decreased sweating. Fast pulse, dry
mouth, dry flushed pores and skin and cycloplegia, constipation, disorientation. Can motive
angle-closure in glaucoma aged patients due to mydriasis. Causes urinary retention in guys with
prostatic hyperplasia. Causes hyperthermia in infants.
Atropine: - ANS-Is a muscarinic antagonist used to deal with bradycardia and used also for
ophthalmic functions
AUTONOMIC DRUS: ending in -chol: - ANS-cholinergic agonist
AUTONOMIC DRUS: ending in -curium or curonium: - ANS-non-depolarizing paralytics
AUTONOMIC DRUS: finishing in -olol: - ANS-beta-blockers
AUTONOMIC DRUS: ending in -stigmine: - ANS-AChE inhibitors
, AUTONOMIC DRUS: ending in -terol: - ANS-beta2-agonist
AUTONOMIC DRUS: finishing in -zosin: - ANS-alpha1-antagonist
Benzodiazepines: - ANS-flumazenil
Benztropine: - ANS-CNS--used for Parkinson's ailment
Beta-1 receptors: - ANS-GP elegance: s. These increase HR and contractility, increase renin
release and boom lipolysis
Beta-2 receptors: - ANS-GP class: s. These motive vasodilation and bronchodilation, increased
HR and contractility, extended lipolysis, multiplied insulin release, diminished uterine tone
(tocolysis), ciliary muscle rest, high aqueous humor production
Beta-blocker use in angina: - ANS-decreases HR and contractility resulting in diminished O2
intake.
Beta-blocker use in MI (which are used specifically?): - ANS-decrease mortality. Specifically
metoprolol, carvedilol, bisoprolol.
Beta-blockers for CHF: - ANS-gradual development of chronic failure
Beta-blockers for glaucoma: - ANS-timolol. Lower secretion of aqueous humor.
Beta-blockers for HTN: - ANS-decrease CO, decrease renin secretion because of
beta1-receptor blockade on JGA cells
Beta-blockers for SVT use (which of them?): - ANS-metoprolol, esmolol. Lower AV conduction
pace (magnificence II antiarrhythmics).
Beta-blockers: - ANS-glucagon
Botox does what? - ANS-prevents the discharge of neurotransmitter at all cholinergic nerve
terminals
Botulinum: - ANS-blocks the Ca2+-mediated launch of ACh at nerve terminals from the vesicles.
Bretylium: - ANS-aka guanethidine. Blocks NE launch from the nerve terminal.
Carbachol: - ANS-used for glaucoma, produces pupillary constriction, and relief of intraocular
strain. Looks exactly like ACh.
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUS: ending in -afil: - ANS-PDE-5 inhibitor
