BLS CPR PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION

BLS CPR PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION 1) Upon arriving to the scene, your must first - ANSWER Size up the scene: Is the area safe to enter? Is immediate danger involved? What happened? What is the nature of the illness/injury? How many people involved? Is anyone else available to help? What is you initial impression? 2) Signs that indicate a life threatening emergency - ANSWER -Loss of consciousness -Abnormal skin color -Heavy bleeding 3) Primary Assessment of Unconscious adult patient - ANSWER Assess: Consciousness Breathing Circulation 4) Level of Conciousness (LOC) Assessment - ANSWER Tap pt on the shoulder and ask "Are you OK?" "AVPU" A- Alert: Fully awake & responsive V- Verbal: Responds to verbal stimuli P- Painful: Responds to painful stimuli U- Unresponsive 5) AirwayAssessment - ANSWER Pt must be in supine (face up) position to evaluate. Gently roll onto back. *If pt is talking- airway is open 6) 2 Methods to open airway: - ANSWER Head tilt-chin lift and jaw thrust 7) To perform the head-tilt/chin lift technique on an adult: - ANSWER - Press down on the forehead while pulling up on the bony part of the chin with two to Three fingers of the other hand.For adults, tilt the head past a neutral position to open the airway while avoiding Hyperextension of the neck. 8) Modified jaw-thrust maneuver - ANSWER The modified jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway when a patient is suspected of having a head, neck or spinal injury. To perform this maneuver on an adult, kneel above the patient's head and: -Put one hand on each side of the patient's head with the thumbs near the corners Of the mouth pointed toward the chin, using the elbows for support. -Slide the fingers into position under the angles of the patient's jawbone without moving the head or neck. - Thrust the jaw upward without moving the head or neck to lift the jaw and open the airway. 9) Once the airway is open, simultaneously check For breathing and a carotid pulse, for at least - ANSWER 5 but no more than 10 seconds. 10) Agonal breaths - ANSWER Isolated or infrequent gasping that occurs in the absence of normal breathing in an unconscious patient. These breaths can occur after the heart Has stopped beating and are considered a sign of cardiac arrest. Agonal breaths are NOT normal breathing. If the patient is demonstrating agonal breaths, you need to care for the patient as if he or she is not breathing at all. 11) Respiratory arrest - ANSWER If the patient is not breathing but has a definitive pulse, the patient is in respiratory arrest. To care for a patient experiencing respiratory arrest, you must give ventilations. Giving ventilations is a technique to supply oxygen to a patient who is in respiratory Arrest. 12) Respiratory Arrest Response: - ANSWER Give 1 ventilation every 5 to 6 seconds for an adult patient, with each ventilation lasting about 1 second and making the chest rise. 13) When giving ventilations, it is critical to avoid - ANSWER overventilation and hyperventilation of a Patient by giving ventilations at a rate and volume greater than recommended; that is, More than 1 ventilation every 5 to 6 seconds or for longer than 1 second each. 14) Hyperventilation can lead to: - ANSWER gastric distension and possible emesis, increased intrathoracic pressure and a subsequent Decrease in coronary filling and coronary perfusion pressures by putting pressure on the vena cava. 15) Once you begin giving ventilations, you must continue until: - ANSWER The patient begins to breathe on his or her own. Another trained rescuer takes over. The patient has no pulse, in which case you should begin CPR or use an AED if one Is available and ready to use. The scene becomes unsafe. 16) Cardiac arrest - ANSWER There is no breathing, no pulse and the patient is unresponsive. Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening situation in which the electrical and/or mechanical system of the heart malfunctions resulting in complete cessation of the heart's ability to function and circulate blood efficiently. 17) Myocardial infarction (MI) or Heart Attack - ANSWER Refers to the necrosis (death) of heart tissue as a result of a loss of oxygenated blood. The sooner the signs and symptoms are recognized and treated, the lower the risk of morbidity and mortality. 18) Signs and Symptoms of MI - ANSWER Chest discomfort or pain that is severe, lasts longer than 3 to 5 minutes, goes Away and comes back, or persists even during rest Discomfort, pressure or pain that is persistent and ranges from discomfort to an Unbearable crushing sensation in the chest, possibly spreading to the shoulder, Arm, neck, jaw, stomach or back, and usually not relieved by resting, changing Position or taking medication Pain that comes and goes (such as angina pectoris) Difficulty breathing, such as at a faster rate than normal or noisy breathing Pale or ashen skin, especially around the face Sweating, especially on the face Dizziness or light-headedness Possible loss of consciousness Nausea or vomiting 19) This gives a patient in cardiac arrest the greatest chance of survival. - ANSWER Cardiac Chain of Survival. -Determine pt is in cardiac arrest (unresponsive, no normal breathing and no definitive pulse) -Activate emergency response system -Begin CPR - starting with chest compressions 20) The Cardiac Chain of Survival for adults consists of five links: - ANSWER Recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system Early CPR to keep oxygen-rich blood flowing and to help delay brain damage and death Early defibrillation with an automated external defi brillator (AED) to help restore an effective heart rhythm and significantly increase the patient's chance for survival Advanced life support using advanced medical personnel who can provide the Proper tools and medication needed to continue the lifesaving care Integrated post-cardiac arrest care to optimize ventilation and oxygenation and treat hypertension immediately after the return of spontaneous circulation 21) Chest Compressions - ANSWER -Pt should be on a firm surface -Hands are positioned with the heel of one hand in the center of the chest on the lower half of sternum with the other hand on top. -Arms are as straight as possible, with the shoulders directly over the hands to Promote effective compressions. Locking elbows will help maintain straight arms. -Compressions are given at the correct rate of at least 100 per minute to a maximum of 120 per minute, and at the proper depth of at least 2 inches for an adult. -The chest must be allowed to fully recoil between each compression to allow blood to flow back into the heart following the compression. -For adult patients, CPR consists of 30 chest compressions followed by 2 ventilations. 22) Proper Chest Compression Rate for Adults: - ANSWER Minimum 100 per minute at a depth of at least 2 inches. 30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations- approximately 1 second each that makes the chest rise.. 23) Methods of Ventilations - ANSWER Mouth-to-mouth. Pocket mask. Bag-valve-mask (BVM) resuscitator. 24) Mouth-to-Mouth Ventilations - ANSWER Open the airway past a neutral position using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique. Pinch the nose shut and make a complete seal over the patient's mouth with your mouth. Give ventilations by blowing into the patient's mouth. Ventilations should be given one at a time. Take a break between breaths by breaking the seal slightly between ventilations and then taking a breath before re-sealing over the mouth. 25) When giving ventilations, if the chest does not rise after the first breath, - ANSWER Reopen the airway, make a seal and try a second breath. If the breath is not successful, move directly back to compressions and check the airway for an obstruction before attempting subsequent ventilations. If an obstruction is found, remove it and attempt ventilations. However, NEVER perform a blind finger sweep 26) Oxygen levels & Mouth to mouth ventilations: - ANSWER With mouth-to-mouth ventilations, the patient receives a concentration of oxygen at approximately 16 percent compared to The oxygen concentration of ambient air at approximately 20 percent. If you do not break the seal and take a breath between ventilations, the second ventilation may contain an oxygen concentration of 0 percent with a high concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) . 27) Pocket Mask Ventilations - ANSWER CPR breathing barriers, such as pocket masks, create a barrier between your mouth and The patient's mouth and nose. This barrier can help to protect you from contact with a patient's blood, vomitus and saliva, and from breathing the air that the patient exhales. To use a pocket mask: Assemble the mask and valve. Open the airway past the neutral position Using the head-tilt/chin-lift technique from the Patient's side when alone. Place the mask over the mouth and nose of the Patient starting from the bridge of the nose, Then place the bottom of the mask below the Mouth to the chin (the mask should not extend Past the chin). Seal the mask by placing the "webbing" between your index finger and thumb on The top of the mask above the valve while placing your remaining fingers on the side Of the patient's face. With your other hand (the hand closest to the patient's chest), Place your thumb along the base of the mask while placing your bent index finger Under the patient's chin, lifting the face into the mask.