BSCI 201 Final Exam: Complete Study Guide with Verified Q&A | 2025 Exam UPDATES. VERIFIED.

BSCI 201 Final Exam: Complete Study Guide with Verified Q&A | 2025 Exam UPDATES. VERIFIED. About This Guide: This BSCI 201 Final Exam Study Guide is the ultimate resource for acing your Anatomy & Physiology I final. Covering everything from cell structure and tissues to bones, muscles, and the nervous system, this guide includes verified practice questions, clear explanations, and high-yield content designed to help you study efficiently and feel confident on exam day. Damage to the postcentral gyrus in the right cerebral hemisphere causes? - -loss of sensory function on left side of the body Damage to the precentral gyrus in the left cerebral hemisphere causes? - -paralysis on the right side of the body Define negative feedback mechanism as it pertains to hormonal actions - -the biological effects of the hormone negate the stimuli that caused the release of the hormones Denticulate ligaments - -formed by the pia matter; anchors the spinal cord VERTICALLY Depolarization phase of an action potential - --sodium channels open -as Na+ enters the cell the membrane becomes LESS negative -Drives to 0 mV and then +30mV Describe the arrangement of the gray matter and the white matter in the SPINAL CORD - --Outer White matter Composed of 3 tracts Ascending=sensory inputs Descending=motor outputs Transverse=commissural fibers -Inner Gray matter Describe the organ of Corti - --Composed of supporting cells and HAIR cells -The apical surface of the hair cells has stereoscilia Discuss the characteristics of hormone receptors. - -globular proteins Discuss the contralateral control of voluntary skeletal muscle movements by the cerebral cortex - Voluntary movements of the right side of the body are controlled by the left cerebral hemisphere and vis versa Discuss the functions of the cells in the pigmented layer - --Provide nutrients to the neural layer -Contain melanin to prevent light from scattering -Contains vitamin A Do brain tumors originate from neurons or neuroglia cells? - -Neuroglia cells; because they exhibit a rapid rate of mitotic division Efferent (motor) division - -transmits impulses AWAY from the CNS toward skeletal muscle endoneurium - -the connective tissue wrapping of a single nerve fiber Ependymal cells - -cavities in the brain called ventricles are lined with these cells Epeneurium - -the outer connective tissue layer of a group of fascicles 3 functional classes of neurons - -1.Motor/Efferent neuron 2.Sensory/Afferent neuron 3.Association Neuron 3 parts of the bony labyrinth - --vestibule -semi-circular canals -cochlea 3 structural classes of neurons - -1. multipolar 2.Bipolar 3.Pseudounipolar 3 types of meninges - -Dura-double layered Arachnoid Pia 4 structures protecting the brain - -cranium meninges cerebrospinal fluid Blood Brain Barrier Activation of which division of the Autonomic Nervous System causes constriction of the pupils? - Parasympathetic nervous system Activation of which division of the Autonomic Nervous System causes dilation of the pupils? - Sympathetic nervous system Afferent (sensory) division - -transmits impulses from sensory impulses TOWARD the CNS Agonism - -biological effects of that hormone Antagonism - -binds to another hormones receptor and blocks hormone from binding to its own receptor Aqueous humor - --supplies nutrients and oxygen to the lens and the cornea -carries away metabolic waste -maintains eye pressure to support the eyeball Association Neuron - -MOST ABUNDANT; located in the CNS between sensory neurons and motor neurons Association tracts - -connects areas within the same hemispheres Astrocytes - -control of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood flow Autocrine - -the endocrine cells releasing the hormone, acts as target cells for the hormone Autonomic nervous system - -involuntary control of the PNS in control of visceral functions (internal organs Axons of which neurons form olfactory nerve ? - -Sensory nerve cells Axons of which neurons form the olfactory tract? - -Mitral cells Biogenic amine hormones - -Derived from the amino acid tyrosine Biosynthetic center of the neuron - -Soma -contains the nucleus -connects the dendrites that bring information to the neuron and axon bipolar - -has two processes One axon and one dendrite Blood Brain Barrier - --Tight junctions that restrict the movement of substances between endothelial cells. -Specific transport proteins determine which substances can cross the barrier to prevent interference with the function of neurons