Cardiovascular - NURS 190 Physical Assessment Questions with Answers Correct!!

Systole - ANSWERSPhase of ventricular contraction Diastole - ANSWERSPhase of ventricular relaxation Systole begins with___ and ends with ___ - ANSWERSClosure of AV valves (S1) Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves (S2) Diastole begins with ___ and ends with ____ - ANSWERSClosure of the aortic and pulmonic valves (S2) Closure of the AV valves (S1) S3 (ventricular gallop) - ANSWERS-Early diastolic sound from vibrations produced when ventricles fill rapidly. -Occurs when ventricle reaches its elastic limit, causing the blood flow from the atrium to slow rapidly. -Comes shortly after S2 -Sounds like "Kentucky" S3 sound is best heard ? - ANSWERSAt the apex with patient in left lateral position. Pathologies associated with presence of S3 sound - ANSWERSConditions that cause overly compliant left ventricle -Systolic or diastolic ventricular dysfunction -Ischemic heart disease -Tricuspid, mitral, or aortic regurgitation -Volume overload -Hypertension S3 may be normal in individuals ____ - ANSWERS-Children -Young adults -Pregnant females in third trimester S4 (atrial gallop) - ANSWERS-Active atrial contractions that cause late ventricular filling -Sounds like "Tennessee" -Physiologic in children, athletes, or middle-aged adults with thin chest walls. -Pathologic in presence of cardiac disease; CAD, aortic stenosis, HTN, aortic obstruction. S4 best heard - ANSWERSAt apex in left lateral position with bell Pathologies associated with S4 - ANSWERSAny condition that creates a noncompliant left ventricle -Ventricular hypertrophy -Acute MI -Angina -Ventricular aneurysm. Clicks and snaps heard in patients with - ANSWERSvalvular disease Opening snap heard in - ANSWERSmitral stenosis Ejection clicks heard in - ANSWERSdamaged pulmonic and aortic valves Non-ejection clicks heard in - ANSWERSprolapse of mitral valve Friction rub results from - ANSWERSinflammation of pericardial sac. Heart murmurs - ANSWERSBlowing sounds caused by disruption of blood flow Main coronary arteries (4) - ANSWERS1. Left main coronary artery 2. Right coronary artery 3. Left anterior descending coronary artery 4. Circumflex coronary arteries. Murmur grading scale - ANSWERSI-Barely Audible II-Quiet, Clearly Audible III-Moderately Loud IV-loud, thrill V-Very loud, can palpate thrill VI-Very loud, thrill palpable and visible Locations where murmurs radiate (2) - ANSWERS1. Throat 2. Axilla Pattern of murmur may change with - ANSWERSInspiration Expiration Sinoatrial (SA) node - ANSWERSA specialized area of cardiac tissue, located in the right atrium of the heart, which initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate; often termed the pacemaker for the heart. Atrioventricular (AV) node - ANSWERSA node of specialized heart muscle located in the septal wall of the right atrium; receives impulses from the sinoatrial node and transmits them to the atrioventricular bundle Bundle of His (AV bundle) - ANSWERS- located in the middle of the heart - branches into the right and left bundle branches Purkinje fibers - ANSWERSFibers that carry stimulation throughout the ventricles P Wave represents - ANSWERSatrial depolarization PR Interval represents - ANSWERSdelay of AV node to allow filling of ventricles QRS complex represents - ANSWERSventricular depolarization T wave represents - ANSWERSrepolarization of ventricles QT interval represents - ANSWERSventricular depolarization and repolarization Stroke volume - ANSWERSthe volume of blood pumped out by a ventricle with each heartbeat normal stroke volume range - ANSWERS55-100 mL/beat Formula for calculating stroke volume - ANSWERSCardiac output/heart rate Cardiac output - ANSWERSThe amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle over 1 minute. Formula for cardiac output - ANSWERSstroke volume x heart rate Normal adult cardiac output - ANSWERS4-8 liters/minute Cardiac index - ANSWERS-Amount of blood pumped out of heart per minute per sq meter of body mass. -Measure in L/min/meter2 -Normal ranges btwn 2.5 to 4.2 L/min/meter2 Preload - ANSWERSVolume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole Afterload - ANSWERSThe force or resistance against which the heart pumps.