Health and PE Praxis 5857 PLUS Planning, Instruction, and Student Assessment Exam Questions and
Answers Solved Correctly
Positive Transfer Learning - Answers When something we've learned previously aids us in learning at a
later time
Distributed Practice - Answers Also known as spaced practice, is a strategy of learning that makes use of
smaller increments of study and practice over a longer period of time
Massed Practice - Answers Utilizing longer study and practice periods over a short period of time.
Ballistic Movements - Answers Muscle contractions that exhibit maximum velocities and accelerations
over a very short period of time. They exhibit high firing rates, high force production, and very brief
contraction times (i.e. box jump or slam ball)
Linear Movements - Answers Movement of an object from one place to another in a straight or mostly
straight line.
Angular Movements - Answers Are produced by changing the angle between the bones of a joint. (i.e.
flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction)
Open Skills - Answers An open skill is one that takes place in a dynamic and changing environment. (i.e. a
basketball player trying to attack the opponents' hoop - many variables)
Closed Skills - Answers A closed skill is a skill that takes place in a structured and static environment. (i.e.
that same basketball player taking a free-throw shot at the opponents' hoop - distraction free and
uninterrupted)
Affective Skills - Answers Relate to behaviors and attitudes that students need to learn in order to be
effective in their personal and professional lives (i.e. feelings, values, appreciation, enthusiasms,
motivations, and attitudes)
Interactive Skills - Answers the general ability to interact with the external world to accomplish a task
Agonist Muscle - Answers Agonist muscles ("prime movers" cause a movement to occur through their
own activation. (i.e. the triceps brachii contracts, producing a shortening contraction, during the up
phase of a push-up (elbow extension). In the bicep curl which produces flexion at the elbow, the biceps
muscle is the agonist)
Antagonist Muscle - Answers The muscles that produce an opposing joint torque to the agonist muscles.
This torque can aid in controlling a motion. The opposing torque can slow movement down - especially
in the case of a ballistic movement.
Fixator Muscle - Answers A fixator is a stabilizer that acts to eliminate the unwanted movement of an
agonist's, or prime mover's, origin. (I.e. bicep curl - elbow flexion - by the biceps brachii. The biceps is
attached at two places, proximally and distally. Its distal attachment, the insertion, is to the radius. One
, of its proximal attachments, the origin, is to the scapula. When the biceps contracts it will tend to draw
the radius and the scapula together. The movement of the scapula must be prevented. This is
accomplished by fixators - the trapezius and rhomboids - which work isometrically to keep the scapula
from moving on the torso
Synergist Muscle - Answers A synergist is another muscle, besides the agonist, that assists the
movement of a joint indirectly
Classic Conditioning - Answers a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a
response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone
(i.e. Pavlov's dog)
Three Stages of Motor Learning - Answers 1. Cognitive Phase 2. Associative Phase 3. Autonomous Phase
Cognitive Phase (Motor Learning) - Answers Movements are slow, inconsistent, and inefficient, and large
parts of the movement are controlled consciously.
Associative Phase (Motor Learning) - Answers Movements become more fluid, reliable, and efficient,
and some parts of the movement are controlled automatically
Autonomous Phase (Motor Learning) - Answers Movements are accurate, consistent, and efficient, and
movement is largely controlled automatically.
Four Stages of Motor Development - Answers 1. Reflexive 2. Rudimentary 3. Fundamental 4. Specialized
Movement
2.)Rudimentary - Answers Rudimentary
3.) - Answers Fundamental
4.) - Answers Specialized Movement
Reflexive Stage - Answers
- Answers Ranges from birth to about 1 year. Reflexes are involuntary movements, and through this
reflex activity the infant gains information about his immediate surroundings. The infant's reactions to
touch, light, sounds, and changes in pressure trigger involuntary movements which play an important
role in helping the child learn about his body and the outside world.
Rudimentary Stage - Answers
- Answers Ranges from birth to about age 2. It includes the basic motor skills acquired in infancy:
reaching, grasping, and releasing objects as well as sitting, standing, and walking. This phase is
subdivided into the Reflex Inhibition Stage and the Precontrol Stage.
Fundamental Stage - Answers
Answers Solved Correctly
Positive Transfer Learning - Answers When something we've learned previously aids us in learning at a
later time
Distributed Practice - Answers Also known as spaced practice, is a strategy of learning that makes use of
smaller increments of study and practice over a longer period of time
Massed Practice - Answers Utilizing longer study and practice periods over a short period of time.
Ballistic Movements - Answers Muscle contractions that exhibit maximum velocities and accelerations
over a very short period of time. They exhibit high firing rates, high force production, and very brief
contraction times (i.e. box jump or slam ball)
Linear Movements - Answers Movement of an object from one place to another in a straight or mostly
straight line.
Angular Movements - Answers Are produced by changing the angle between the bones of a joint. (i.e.
flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction)
Open Skills - Answers An open skill is one that takes place in a dynamic and changing environment. (i.e. a
basketball player trying to attack the opponents' hoop - many variables)
Closed Skills - Answers A closed skill is a skill that takes place in a structured and static environment. (i.e.
that same basketball player taking a free-throw shot at the opponents' hoop - distraction free and
uninterrupted)
Affective Skills - Answers Relate to behaviors and attitudes that students need to learn in order to be
effective in their personal and professional lives (i.e. feelings, values, appreciation, enthusiasms,
motivations, and attitudes)
Interactive Skills - Answers the general ability to interact with the external world to accomplish a task
Agonist Muscle - Answers Agonist muscles ("prime movers" cause a movement to occur through their
own activation. (i.e. the triceps brachii contracts, producing a shortening contraction, during the up
phase of a push-up (elbow extension). In the bicep curl which produces flexion at the elbow, the biceps
muscle is the agonist)
Antagonist Muscle - Answers The muscles that produce an opposing joint torque to the agonist muscles.
This torque can aid in controlling a motion. The opposing torque can slow movement down - especially
in the case of a ballistic movement.
Fixator Muscle - Answers A fixator is a stabilizer that acts to eliminate the unwanted movement of an
agonist's, or prime mover's, origin. (I.e. bicep curl - elbow flexion - by the biceps brachii. The biceps is
attached at two places, proximally and distally. Its distal attachment, the insertion, is to the radius. One
, of its proximal attachments, the origin, is to the scapula. When the biceps contracts it will tend to draw
the radius and the scapula together. The movement of the scapula must be prevented. This is
accomplished by fixators - the trapezius and rhomboids - which work isometrically to keep the scapula
from moving on the torso
Synergist Muscle - Answers A synergist is another muscle, besides the agonist, that assists the
movement of a joint indirectly
Classic Conditioning - Answers a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a
response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone
(i.e. Pavlov's dog)
Three Stages of Motor Learning - Answers 1. Cognitive Phase 2. Associative Phase 3. Autonomous Phase
Cognitive Phase (Motor Learning) - Answers Movements are slow, inconsistent, and inefficient, and large
parts of the movement are controlled consciously.
Associative Phase (Motor Learning) - Answers Movements become more fluid, reliable, and efficient,
and some parts of the movement are controlled automatically
Autonomous Phase (Motor Learning) - Answers Movements are accurate, consistent, and efficient, and
movement is largely controlled automatically.
Four Stages of Motor Development - Answers 1. Reflexive 2. Rudimentary 3. Fundamental 4. Specialized
Movement
2.)Rudimentary - Answers Rudimentary
3.) - Answers Fundamental
4.) - Answers Specialized Movement
Reflexive Stage - Answers
- Answers Ranges from birth to about 1 year. Reflexes are involuntary movements, and through this
reflex activity the infant gains information about his immediate surroundings. The infant's reactions to
touch, light, sounds, and changes in pressure trigger involuntary movements which play an important
role in helping the child learn about his body and the outside world.
Rudimentary Stage - Answers
- Answers Ranges from birth to about age 2. It includes the basic motor skills acquired in infancy:
reaching, grasping, and releasing objects as well as sitting, standing, and walking. This phase is
subdivided into the Reflex Inhibition Stage and the Precontrol Stage.
Fundamental Stage - Answers
